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寫 Java 用哪套 IDE?Eclipse 能解決什麼

Eclipse (64-bit) 軟體圖示 Eclipse (64-bit) 4.7 (64-bit) 資料更新 2017-06-28 閱讀約 5 分鐘

你剛開始學 Java,或換了新電腦準備寫點東西。你已經裝了 JDK,打開記事本或純文字編輯器,寫完程式碼,卻在命令提示字元裡編譯、執行,一錯就是一堆看不懂的訊息。你想找一個能幫你寫程式、抓錯誤、跑結果的工具,但網路上搜「Java IDE」出現一堆名字,不知道哪個才適合自己。

一般人的做法是直接抓一個編輯器來用,但純文字編輯器不會幫你檢查語法,也不會提示你哪裡少了分號。另一種做法是問朋友用什麼,但每個人的需求不同,別人的工具不見得適合你。這類整合開發環境(IDE)的切入點,是把編輯、編譯、執行、除錯這些步驟整合在同一個視窗裡,讓你把注意力放在寫程式本身,而不是處理工具鏈的細節。

01Eclipse 到底能做什麼?

Eclipse 是一套整合開發環境,主要用途是寫 Java 程式。它把程式碼編輯、編譯、執行、除錯都放在同一個介面裡,你寫完程式可以直接按執行,不用另外開命令提示字元。它也提供語法檢查、自動補齊、程式碼範本這些功能,寫到一半有錯會即時標出來。

02這套軟體要怎麼安裝?

到 Eclipse 官方網站下載壓縮檔,解壓縮到你喜歡的資料夾,執行裡面的執行檔就能啟動。第一次啟動時它會問你要把專案和設定存在哪個目錄,選一個你記得的位置就可以了。不需要另外執行安裝程式,也不用管理者權限。

03除了 Java,它還能寫其他程式語言嗎?

可以,但要透過安裝外掛(plugin)來擴充。Eclipse 本身以 Java 開發為主,官方文件提到它支援 C/C++、Python、PHP 等語言,前提是你去裝對應的外掛。如果你只寫 Java,預設就夠用;要寫其他語言,得先確認外掛的支援狀況。

04寫程式時有哪些輔助功能?

它有程式碼自動補齊,你打一半它會跳出建議;有語法即時檢查,寫錯會馬上標紅線;還有程式碼範本,可以快速插入常用的程式片段。這些功能在官方說明裡都有提到,目的是讓你寫程式時少打錯字、少漏符號。

05除錯功能是怎麼運作的?

你可以在程式碼行號旁邊點一下設中斷點,然後用除錯模式執行,程式會停在你設的位置,讓你看變數目前的值、一步一步往下走。官方說明裡有提到內建除錯器、中斷點、逐步執行和變數檢視這些功能,對找邏輯錯誤很有幫助。

06初學者適合用這套軟體嗎?

適合,但要有心理準備。Eclipse 功能很多,介面一開始會覺得複雜,不過你只需要會開專案、寫程式、按執行這三個動作就能開始。它的自動補齊和語法檢查對初學者很有用,可以少犯很多低級錯誤。只是介面是英文的,不習慣英文介面的人會需要一點時間適應。

07團隊開發或學校作業用這套可以嗎?

可以。它內建整合 Git、SVN 這些版本控制系統,可以讓團隊一起管理程式碼。學校作業如果要求繳交專案,Eclipse 的專案結構也符合常見的 Java 專案格式。不過要跟同學協作,還是要另外學版本控制的操作方式,Eclipse 只是提供介面。

08我的電腦是 Windows 7,可以跑嗎?

可以。官方支援系統包含 Windows 7 64 位元、Windows 8 64 位元、Windows 10 64 位元和 Windows 11。不過要注意,它只支援 64 位元系統,如果你的 Windows 7 是 32 位元版本,就無法安裝。

09我只是偶爾寫個小程式,有需要用到這套嗎?

如果你的需求只是寫個幾十行的練習程式,用線上編輯器或純文字編輯器加命令提示字元也能完成。Eclipse 的啟動速度不算快,記憶體也吃不少,對偶爾寫小程式的人來說,光是等它開啟可能就覺得麻煩。這種情況你可以先試試更輕量的工具。

10我不習慣英文介面,有中文可以切換嗎?

官方介面語系是英文,沒有內建中文。雖然可以透過安裝中文化外掛來改成中文介面,但外掛的品質和維護狀況不一,而且 Eclipse 的官方文件、論壇討論大多也是英文。如果你完全無法接受英文介面,可能要考慮其他有官方中文支援的 IDE。

11這套軟體跟 NetBeans 比起來,哪個比較多人用?

以評分人數來看,NetBeans 有 702 人評分,Eclipse 有 286 人評分,Visual Studio Express 有 384 人評分。評分人數多不代表比較好,但可以反映使用者的基數。Eclipse 以外掛生態聞名,NetBeans 則以開箱即用著稱,你可以都裝來試試看,選一個順手的。

12這套軟體還在持續更新嗎?

是,它仍然在維護中。官方版本紀錄顯示近 12 個月有 4 次更新,近 24 個月有 8 次更新,代表開發團隊還有在持續釋出新版本。如果你在意軟體有沒有在維護,這點可以放心。

下載與官方連結

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eclipse-SDK-4.7-win32-x86_64.zip · 226 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

版本紀錄

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

NEW FEATURES IN THE PLATFORM AND EQUINOX:
EDITORS:
- An easily-extensible Generic Text Editor added
- Generic editor can now read patch and diff files
- Images are opened in the Eclipse IDE
- Editor selection dialog: Use for all
- Show Annotation renamed to Show Revision Information
- Configure left and right sides in Compare editors
- Ctrl+E command improvements
- Content Assist for Feature Name in Model Editor
- Model Editor improvements

DEBUG:
- "Launch Group" launch configuration type
- "Terminate and Relaunch" from Run menu, context menu and tool bar
- Breakpoints view: Sort By > Creation Time
- Breakpoints in Overview Ruler

VIEWS, DIALOGS AND TOOLBAR:
- Improved string matching in Quick Access
- Wildcards in Quick Access
- Quick Access search text in Help
- Filter previous choices in Quick Access
- Command icons shown in Quick Access
- Show/hide Status Bar
- GTK tree collapse/expand key bindings
- Simplified filters dialog for Problems, Bookmarks, and Tasks views
- Copy Details submenu for Problems and Tasks views
- Filter dialog for Problems, Bookmarks, and Tasks views easier to reach
- "Copy Build Id Information" in About dialog
- 'Filters and Customization...' in Project Explorer
- "Recently used filters" feature in Project Explorer
- "Other Projects" working set in Project Explorer
- Perspective descriptions in Open Perspective dialog
- Maximize and Minimize via Window > Appearance menu
- 'Switch Workspace' and 'Restart' menu items
- Improved exit and restart dialogs
- Installation Details menu entry removed
- DnD source image for List widget (GTK only)

PREFERENCES:
- Window title configuration
- Option to copy your preferences during workspace switch
- Option to disable Problems view decoration on startup
- "Always run in background" enabled by default

THEMES AND STYLING:
- New default styling for form-based user interfaces
- Support for extending existing CSS preference nodes
- Default styling for table and tree headers
- Colors in interactive popups
- Fixed Progress view colors for the dark theme
- Improved default styling for the toolbar
- Reduced TabItems padding under GTK+
- Reduced window margins
- GTK theme system property
- More high resolution images
- GENERAL UPDATES:
- Eclipse as Apple disk image
- Ant 1.10.1
- Java 9 previews

NEW FEATURES FOR JAVA DEVELOPERS:
JAVA EDITOR:
- Open Implementation of selected Type
- Automatically insert Braces at correct position
- Escape text when pasting into a string literal
- Quick Fix to move type annotations
- Defaults for annotation type elements in Javadoc
- Set colors for Javadoc

JAVA VIEWS AND DIALOGS:
- Skip button in Organize Imports dialog
- Hide inherited members from java.lang.Object
- Hide deprecated fields and methods
- Group by Project in Search view
- Type name with extension in New Java Type creation wizards
- HiDPI JDT icons

JAVA COMPILER:
- New Java index
- Pass compiler options to annotation processors
- Warnings for unlikely argument types

JAVA FORMATTER:
- New way to count comment width

DEBUG:
- Method result after step operations
- Triggers for breakpoints
- Conditional watchpoint
- Toggle Tracepoint
- Show Logical Structure enabled by default
- Remote Java Application "Socket Listen" type supports multiple incoming connections
- New option to disable Hot Code Replace

JUNIT:
- Show JUnit failure trace in Console view

NEW APIs IN THE PLATFORM AND EQUINOX:
PLATFORM CHANGES:
- Extension points added for Generic Text Editor
- An extension point to associate existing editors and content-types
- CompositeImageDescriptor HiDPI-ready
- Update in API for decorating images
- New API for controlling build order
- Asynchronous content-assistant
- Stable sorting in viewers based on ViewerComparator
- Reduced performance impact of very frequent progress reporting from background jobs
- Application model allows toolbar definitions for parts and perspectives
- Separation of DI extension annotations and supplier
- @Service annotation available in DI extensions
- Dependency injection for Eclipse 3.x views available
- Declarative services implementation replaceable
- Imperative Expressions
- Screenshot from JUnit
- Debugging test timeouts

EQUINOX CHANGES:
- New Declarative Services Implementation supporting OSGi R6
- Several plug-ins define Provided Capabilities metadata
- Non-modal Install dialog
- Progress reporting in the installation dialog
- Tracing honors -consoleLog
- Source-incompatible change in org.eclipse.equinox.common requires Java 8 BREE for some dependant plug-ins

SWT CHANGES:
- SWT requires 1.8 Java runtime
- Lambda as SelectionListener
- Lambda as KeyListener
- New API Image#getImageData(int zoom)
- New APIs for Table header colors
- New APIs for Tree header colors
- Table and Tree header styling via CSS
- Apply GTK+ CSS at runtime
- Tweak the GTK+ theme
- Button widget background and foreground color can be styled on Windows
- SWT spies separated from Tools plug-in
- Image#getImageDataAtCurrentZoom() and Image#getBoundsInPixels() are deprecated
- AccessibleTableListener#getCaption(..) deprecated
- AccessibleTableListener#getSummary(..) deprecated
- Composite#changed(Control[]) deprecated

NEW FEATURES FOR PLUG-IN DEVELOPERS:
DIALOGS, EDITORS AND VIEWS:
- New Layout Spy Tool
- Support for Nested categories
- Manage versions for included features
- Option added for workspace plug-ins overriding target plug-ins
- 'Show In Console' added to context menu of Error Log view
- Reload Target Editor
- Target definition files can be edited with the Generic Editor
- p2.inf files open in Properties Editor
- Search finds plug-in references in features
- Quick Fix to add bundle or package adds import statement
- Validate launch configuration activated by default
- 'Restore to defaults' buttons added to Tracing tab

OSGI DECLARATIVE SERVICES:
- Support for Declarative Services Annotations v1.3

WIZARDS:
- Plug-in project template added for Generic Text Editor
- More descriptive plug-in template names
- Plug-in selection filter in Feature project wizard
- Filter in plug-in and feature export wizards

API TOOLS:
- Change in Execution Environment creates a version problem
- Default method addition reported as a breaking change
- Field addition to Class reported as a breaking change
- Option for field addition to an annotation
- Types marked with @noimplement and @noextend processed by API leak analysis
- Quick Fix to configure problem severity
- Reorganized Version Management preferences tab