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想畫3D模型又不想花錢?FreeCAD 免費CAD軟體能做什麼

FreeCAD (32-bit) 軟體圖示 FreeCAD (32-bit) 1828 資料更新 2013-01-28 閱讀約 7 分鐘

你最近是不是遇到這種狀況:工作上或學校作業需要畫一個簡單的零件圖、做一個機構設計,打開電腦才發現,市面上叫得出名字的 CAD 軟體不是要年費就是月費,試用期一過就鎖住存檔功能。你只是想畫個東西丟給廠商報價,或把腦子裡的點子變成可以旋轉檢視的 3D 模型,結果光找軟體就耗掉一個晚上。

一般人遇到這種需求,第一個念頭是找破解版,但破解版除了法律風險,還常常缺元件、開檔就當。另一個做法是去用線上免費的陽春繪圖工具,畫到一半才發現沒有約束功能,尺寸一改整個形狀就亂掉。這類問題的切入點其實是「參數化建模」——把尺寸和幾何關係綁在一起,改一個數字,其他部分自動跟著更新。這正是 FreeCAD 這套開源軟體的核心做法,而且它完全免費,沒有試用期,也沒有功能鎖。

01FreeCAD 是用來做什麼的?我常聽到它但不太確定它能畫什麼。

FreeCAD 是一套參數化 3D CAD 軟體,主要用於產品設計、機械工程和建築用途。它的核心概念是「參數化」——你在畫草圖時設定的尺寸和約束條件會被記錄下來,之後想改設計,只要修改參數,模型就會自動更新,不需要整個重畫。它也能輸出 STEP、IGES、STL、OBJ、DXF 這些常見格式,方便跟其他軟體交換檔案。

02它跟 SolidWorks 或 AutoCAD 比起來,會不會差很多?

功能面上,FreeCAD 涵蓋了實體建模、2D 草圖、組裝、FEM 分析、CAM 路徑生成等主要工作流程,但官方文件自己也承認,它缺少商業軟體的一些進階功能和整體完成度。介面設計也比較老派,操作手感不如商業軟體流暢。如果你只是要畫零件圖、做簡單機構設計,它夠用;但如果你需要的是大型組裝的進階分析或極度複雜的曲面造型,它可能應付不來。

03我完全沒用過 CAD 軟體,這套適合新手嗎?

官方說法是可以學,但學習曲線偏陡。它的介面分成很多「工作台」,每個工作台負責不同任務,例如草圖、零件設計、FEM 分析等,新手第一次打開會看到滿滿的工具列,容易不知所措。官方建議先看教學文件,從簡單的專案開始練。如果你是完全零基礎,會需要花一段時間熟悉基本概念,不像一些商業軟體有比較友善的引導流程。

04它能不能畫 2D 的工程圖?我只需要平面圖面。

可以。它內建一個 Draft 工作台,專門用來建立 2D 繪圖和佈局。你可以用它畫平面圖、出圖、標註尺寸。不過要注意,它的 2D 功能是附屬在 3D 建模流程之下的,如果你只需要純 2D 繪圖,市面上有更輕量的選擇,例如同樣開源的 LibreCAD,操作上可能更直接。

05我想用 CNC 加工,這套軟體能產生 G-code 嗎?

可以。它的 Path 工作台就是專門為 CAM(電腦輔助製造)設計的,可以從 3D 模型生成 CNC 加工用的 G-code。這表示你可以在同一個軟體裡完成從建模到加工路徑規劃的流程,不需要另外買 CAM 外掛。不過實際使用上,加工參數的設定需要一些 CAM 背景知識,不是按一個鍵就自動產生可用程式碼。

06這套軟體是免費的嗎?會不會用一用突然要收錢?

它是完全免費的,採用 LGPL 授權,官方說明中明確表示沒有付費功能、沒有隱藏費用。你可以從官方網站或 GitHub 下載,安裝後所有功能都能用。因為是開源專案,就算未來開發團隊改變方向,原始碼也在,不太可能突然變成付費軟體。不過免費也意味著你遇到問題時,主要靠社群文件和論壇求助,沒有商業軟體那樣的客服管道。

07我電腦是 Windows 8,跑得動嗎?

官方列出的系統需求是 Windows 7/8/10/11 都支援,處理器建議雙核心 2GHz 以上,記憶體最少 4GB、建議 8GB,顯示卡要支援 OpenGL,硬碟空間 2GB。以現代電腦來說門檻不高,但如果你用的是很舊的機器,跑大型模型或 FEM 分析時可能會卡頓。另外,官方特別提醒要確認顯示卡驅動程式有更新,這對 3D 繪圖的穩定性影響很大。

08它支援哪些檔案格式?我手上有一堆 STEP 和 STL 檔要開。

它支援的格式包含 STEP、IGES、STL、OBJ、DXF 等,這些都是 CAD 領域常見的交換格式。STEP 和 IGES 適合實體模型交換,STL 和 OBJ 常用於 3D 列印或網格模型。另外它也有自己的原生檔案格式,存檔時建議用原生格式保留完整的參數資訊,輸出成 STEP 或 STL 給別人的話,參數化歷史會消失,對方只能看到最終形狀。

09我聽說 FreeCAD 可以寫程式擴充功能,這對一般人有什麼好處?

它內建 Python 腳本支援,你可以寫程式自動化重複性的任務,或建立自己的客製化工作流程。對一般使用者來說,最實際的好處是社群有大量現成的外掛和巨集可以安裝,擴充功能不用自己寫。它的模組化架構也讓第三方開發者能持續貢獻新工具。不過如果你完全不會寫程式,這項功能對你來說就是「別人有,但你用不到」,不影響基本使用。

10這套軟體適合拿來做專業工作嗎?還是只能自己玩玩?

官方說法是有許多使用者用它做專業工作,特別是在工程和設計領域。因為它免費、跨平台、支援多種檔案格式,有些小型工作室或個人接案者會用它來處理客戶的圖檔或出圖。但你要有心理準備,它的介面比較老舊,偶爾會因為開源軟體的特性出現一些小 bug,而且缺少商業軟體的一些進階分析工具。如果你的工作流程高度依賴特定商業軟體的功能,它可能無法完全取代。

11我該拿它跟 SketchUp 比嗎?哪個比較多人用?

在收錄的評分資料中,SketchUp Make 有 234 人評分,FreeCAD 有 128 人評分,SketchUp 的使用者基數明顯較大。兩者的定位不同:SketchUp 偏向概念建模和建築視覺化,操作直覺、上手快;FreeCAD 偏向參數化機械設計,功能更深但學習門檻高。如果你只是要快速拉一個立體外觀給客戶看,SketchUp 可能更順手;如果你要的是精確的尺寸控制和可修改的參數模型,FreeCAD 的參數化核心是 SketchUp 沒有的。

12它的介面只有英文嗎?我看不懂英文介面會不會很難用?

根據收錄的資料,它的介面語系是 English,沒有提到其他語言選項。如果你對英文介面不熟悉,操作上會多一層障礙,因為 CAD 軟體本身就有大量專業術語,加上英文介面,學習曲線會更陡。這種情況下,你可能要考慮其他有中文介面的 CAD 軟體,或先確認自己能否接受全英文的操作環境。

下載與官方連結

前往官方網站 下載 FreeCAD (32-bit)

FreeCAD_0.13.1828_x86_setup.msi · 101.19 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

版本紀錄

再看 5 筆

看完整版本清單

這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

- [Patch] Sweep (wmayer) - closed.
- [Patch] Part Design Fillet and Chamfer icons should be different from the Part icons (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Failure to load SVG file (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] 0.13 program crash - closed.
- [Bug] Deleting constraints/geometry causes crash. - closed.
- [Bug] Part/Pocket fails up to curved face if that face is smaller than the sketch (logari81) - closed.
- [Feature] Invert mouse Zoom for CAD mouse model (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Bug] Polar array does not work as described/expected (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Attempting to import an SVG file fails with "invalid literal for int() with base 16" (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Crash when 2xdouble-click on part - closed.
- [Bug] Pressing Escape while pivoting a box crashes - closed.
- [Feature] Draft feature in Part Design (mrlukeparry) - closed.
- [Bug] V0.13- Faces of Solid models cannot be selected when ALT-TAB is used to switch between applications - closed.
- [Bug] Task watcher doesn't update on object creation/destruction (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Bug] Draft: Finishing Edition of existing BSpline does not end 'editmode' (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Unable to see any parts created when upgrading to latest freecad - closed.
- [Bug] Circles Extrude Only Surfaces - closed.
- [Bug] Easy bug to fix (win installer) - closed.
- [Bug] Too large default distance between eyes for Stereo mode - closed.
- [Bug] Fit selection doesn't work as expected - closed.
- [Bug] V0.13 - Change Individual face color on solid is missing - closed.
- [Bug] Start page ship stuff not correctly installed (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Deleting wires/dimensions causes illegal storage crash (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] ShaftDesign wizard incorrectly calls the active document - closed.
- [Bug] Sketch copy deletes all constraints (logari81) - closed.
- [Bug] Loading Draft and Arch Module duplicates the Tab in the Draft Preferences (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Pad/Pocket up to user-selected face fails sometimes - closed.
- [Bug] segfault in ~PythonDebuggerP() (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Document.xml in project file contains invalid string - closed.
- [Bug] Self-Test fails for testActivate v0.13.1539 - closed.
- [Patch] Enhancements in OpenSCAD Module (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Wrong inverse of a matrix - closed.
- [Bug] Follow up 0000640: This file crashes FreeCAD UI latest Git - closed.
- [Bug] Minor preselection color bug - closed.
- [Bug] FindCoin3D should look in /usr/include/Coin3 for COIN3D_INCLUDE_DIR - closed.
- [Patch] Wrong Context Menu Entry for Fillet/Chamfer -> Edit Pocket - closed.
- [Bug] Undo revolve causes crash 'illegal storage' - closed.
- [Feature] Explain the interface on the startpage (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] dxf import failing: invalid literal (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Revolve icon suggestion (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Color-per-face info lost when you set transparency - closed.
- [Bug] python print causes File descriptor error on windows - closed.
- [Bug] 'make DevDoc' fails - closed.
- [Patch] [PATCH] added new page to "Customize" dialog for space navigator - closed.
- [Patch] Extension of Facet class for getting vertex indices natively - closed.
- [Patch] Integrate Shoogens patch for OpenSCAD import (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Patch] Two little tweaks for the python console - closed.
- [Feature] Add Ability to set defaults for Appereance (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] set colors dialog crash. - closed.
- [Bug] Draft scale - some problems and some suggestions (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Image plane duplication - closed.
- [Bug] Placement dialog leaves unapplied changes - closed.
- [Bug] Accidental "Cancel" in "set colors" destroys all the work - closed.
- [Bug] Sketcher active in one document blocks closing another. - closed.
- [Feature] when object is deleted, auto show it's parametric objects - closed.
- [Bug] OFF import doesn't handle empty lines properly - closed.
- [Feature] Navigation style suggestion - do not change cursor location when you are controling view - closed.
- [Patch] Patch for Space navigator support on windows - closed.
- [Bug] cPickle allows to trigger arbitrary code execution from FCStd file (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Shared libraries call exit - closed.
- [Bug] Splashscreen shows errors - closed.
- [Bug] merge project with these files instantly crashes FreeCAD - closed.
- [Feature] Extend Draft Array to include z axis and allow arrays of arrays (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Serialize Shape to python String - closed.
- [Bug] importSVG produces unorientable shapes by creating Faces from open Wires. (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] comparison of const char* using == - closed.
- [Feature] Add an option that make FreeCAD check the shape after each boolean/loft operation - closed.
- [Bug] ‘PI’ was not declared in this scope - compile error - closed.
- [Bug] lack of tree structure in combo view - when using mirror - closed.
- [Feature] Couple draft suggestions (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] work bench initiation from in fcstd file - closed.
- [Feature] Add several tools to Part module (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Patch] Up to first, up to last, up to face options to Pocket feature (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Feature] Added midplane option to Revolution Feature - closed.
- [Feature] Up to first/last/face, two-sided dimension options for Pad Feature - closed.
- [Bug] Chamfer/Fillet(PartDesign) on whole body produces infinite loop - closed.
- [Feature] "Compress" stuff in Tree view - closed.
- [Bug] creating then deleting a Draft dimention crashes or locks up FreeCAD (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Cannot export Drawing Page to SVG (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] Keep faces colors on boolean operations (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] copy- paste- crash (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] Implement a KActionSelector-like widget (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] Support of more sophisticated swtich to configure with cmake (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Merge project does not include DiffuseColor - closed.
- [Bug] Fails to compile GIT - closed.
- [Bug] improper handling of qt specific comand line arguments - closed.
- [Bug] Version info causes crash - closed.
- [Bug] src/Tools/PyTools.c: strange assignment and a memory leak - closed.
- [Feature] merge project annoyance (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Cad Navigation Zoom with Ctrl + causes shapes to pan off screen - closed.
- [Patch] Patch to fix compilation of FreeCAD with gcc 4.7 - closed.
- [Feature] Draft Extrude suggestions (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Help -> "Python Modules" menu item loads raw html in browser - closed.
- [Feature] Expose BRepOffsetAPI_MakePipeShell to python (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] Sketcher: tangent constraint between two arcs/circles (logari81) - closed.
- [Bug] Gui issues: draft module rectangle tool always produces filled rectangle (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Annotation object for Drawing pages (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Draft upgrade looses inner holes (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Draft dimension doesn't work with circles (radius + diameter) (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Patch] sandbox module automake patch - closed.
- [Feature] Task widget to display status info (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] make the "revolve-axis" selectable - closed.
- [Patch] patch required to build cam module with automake - closed.
- [Bug] Fatal bug - closed.
- [Bug] Bugs in Draft BSplines (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Navigation style scope - closed.
- [Bug] Typographical error - closed.
- [Bug] Draft grid only visible on first view window. (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] BSplineSurfacePy::insertVKnots manipulates UKnots - closed.
- [Bug] Loading Example "Drawing extraction" crashes at Baseclass.cpp line 115 - closed.
- [Bug] Trim tool doesn't work with construction lines. - closed.
- [Bug] Crash on opening sketch of Pad feature of PartDesign example (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Creating a ruled surface fails - closed.
- [Bug] blankes needed in some strings (crowdin) - closed.
- [Bug] Wrong tree structure of restored python objects - closed.
- [Bug] getPole() does not provide proper bound checking - closed.
- [Bug] Menu shortcuts for the Sketcher item overlap with the Tools menu item. - closed.
- [Bug] Mesh Boolean operations all return empty mesh - closed.
- [Bug] Mesh.Mesh returns empty mesh when provided integers - closed.
- [Bug] This file crashes FreeCAD (wmayer) - closed.
- [Patch] Automake lacks option to build Mods: Assembly and Cam - closed.
- [Patch] Patch for using system installed zipios++ - closed.
- [Bug] Drawing grid disappears. (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Arch module - add basic drawing output (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Two documents close (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] cmake build on Mac OS: dealing with dylib versus so - closed.
- [Feature] Arch module - Split the window tool (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Arch module - IFC import (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] SIGABRT on startup in boost::program_options (Boost 1.49) - closed.
- [Bug] WildMagic4 doesn't build on 64-bit Mac OS - closed.
- [Feature] Make mesh 4-node parabolic instead of plain 3-node - closed.
- [Bug] Bug with boost 1.48 - closed.
- [Bug] Dimension FontSize not set properly (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] git repo is not providing build revision number - closed.
- [Feature] Arch module - add windows and doors (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Placement API extension (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] FreeCAD Start Center dynamic links not working on some translations (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Polish language not available even if translation is available in source - closed.
- [Bug] Draft Module configuration settings need to be applied before Construction Mode works (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Arch -module - Auto-cell (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Draft downgrade doesn't give clear message and names (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Mesh doesn't register off file import properly - closed.
- [Bug] 'Draft_Wire' failed - closed.
- [Feature] Arch module - Wall drawing tool (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Make the Draft rectangle not depend on coin's Simage module (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Arch module - Axes system (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] reloading python modules from Draft module breaks file handling (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Matrix and Vector API extension (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Cone mesh fails with radius=0 on one end - closed.
- [Feature] make Part::Revolution claim Child - closed.
- [Bug] View PartDesign Workbench fails: 'module' object has no attribute 'makeFilletArc' - closed.
- [Bug] Mac OS X build crashes on "About FreeCAD" - closed.
- [Bug] Help -> About FreeCAD crashes program - closed.
- [Patch] Typo - Constrain Horizontal Distance appears in place of Constrain Vertical Distance - closed.
- [Bug] libSketcherGui.so.2: undefined symbol: _ZTIN8Sketcher12SketchObjectE - closed.
- [Bug] Missing python library file (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Bug] Problem on Python Manual in the Help Menu. - closed.
- [Bug] Ray tracing workbench, export to povray does not work for "export view" produces empty exported file - closed.
- [Bug] old version of CMakeLists.txt slipped back into /data/examples directory (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Feature] Splash screen for 0.13 (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Feature request for better Fillet/Chamfer - closed.
- [Feature] Suggestion on view mouse movements (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Turntable rotation inverted - closed.
- [Patch] compiling on linux: fatal error: moc_SketchOrientationDialog.cpp: No such file or directory - closed.
- [Feature] Italian-Translation error in draft-workbench - closed.
- [Feature] Explanatory illustrations for "Choose orientation" dialog - closed.
- [Bug] Holding down middle mouse button (wheel) will zoom out without scrolling - closed.
- [Feature] Wheel zoom sensitivty settings - closed.
- [Bug] autogen.sh creates a file "71" - closed.
- [Bug] SVG export of circles in multi-element groups is incorrect (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] SVG export encodes 'style' in a hard-to-see way (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] New version treats some objects as immutable - closed.
- [Bug] exported svg has incorrect units (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Allow Draft wires to have curved corners (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Some files are not properly closed - closed.
- [Bug] Draft objects saved from V11 don't appear correctly in V12 (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Arch collada importer not working (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] crash when editing duplicated sketch - closed.
- [Bug] Installer Raytracer Typo - closed.
- [Bug] Draft hatches are not working anymore (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] No correct name of parts after import of STEP file containing assemblies - closed.
- [Bug] Import :igs files - closed.
- [Feature] add a method to Part module to read BRep data from string (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] Draft module - allow to shift-constrain dimensions (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] view control option (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Drawing module - editable title blocks (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Improve STEP import to find colors attached to sub-shapes (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] App::Document::_RecomputeFeature(): Unknown exception in Feature "Fusion" thrown - closed.
- [Bug] sketch 2 draft bug (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] undo in draft causes crash (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Sketcher: Create from existing 2d elements (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] minor draft bug (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Draft module - Scale feature (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Draft Array doesn't allow different axes than Z (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Draft WorkingPlane cannot be set from selected face anymore (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] [Draft Module] Algebraic Problem in SVG import - closed.
- [Feature] 3D Circle from three points in Part wb (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] 3D navigation using a two-button laptop touchpad - closed.
- [Bug] Premature loading of modules (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Ellipse added to create primitive dialogue (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Sketcher: adding angle constraint on a single line crashes FreeCAD (logari81) - closed.
- [Feature] request for 'Draft Angle' option for extrusion - closed.
- [Bug] Part Design: Pad from sketch on a face - reversed option greyed out in Taskview - closed.
- [Bug] Undo of offset objects causes Draft tools to stop functioning. (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Bug] Sketcher: line-on-point constraint freeze (logari81) - closed.
- [Feature] Add the ability to calculate inertial properties t parts - closed.
- [Bug] Crash when doing an undo of an already deleted object (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Bug] Help -> "Python Manuals" displays missing file dialog(windows) / does nothing(ubuntu) - closed.
- [Feature] request for python editible Properties panels - closed.
- [Bug] objects that don't have a shape prevent Draft functions from working (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Write message if off-screen rendering failed (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] edits in ver 0.13 do not change screen object - closed.
- [Feature] Parametric Edge in Part wb via create primitives dialogue gui - closed.
- [Bug] Python API: Mirroring rotated parts produces undesired results - closed.
- [Feature] Need a way to reset the Python instance (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] Part/Part Design: allow edge preselection for chamfer/fillet (wmayer) - closed.
- [Patch] Patch to set proper RPATH's for system wide installation on Linux. - closed.
- [Bug] fillet command in Part Design shows only partial dialog - closed.
- [Patch] CMake configuration tweaks (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] cmake error (wmayer) - closed.
- [Bug] Python Console allows editing of history - closed.
- [Feature] Draft module - Array GUI tool (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] Face union to remove redundant edges - closed.
- [Bug] removeSplitter closes holes - closed.
- [Feature] python console: "RFC"s for even more "rapid" prototyping :-) (wmayer) - closed.
- [Feature] boolean operation display mode - closed.
- [Bug] Pad: negative value is not allowed (Jriegel) - closed.
- [Feature] Include macro directory as part of default python path - closed.
- [Feature] Arch module - Cell conversion (yorikvanhavre) - closed.
- [Feature] face union code needs merging - closed.
- [Bug] Part: Parameterized Primitive: Plane - new planes with normals x or y are placed wrong - closed.
- [Patch] Modifying focus when creating pad. - closed.