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密碼多到記不住?KeePass 免費開源密碼管理器能做什麼

KeePass Password Safe 軟體圖示 KeePass Password Safe 2.09 資料更新 2009-09-12 閱讀約 6 分鐘

你手上至少有十幾個帳號:Windows 登入、Email、網站會員、FTP、論壇……每個都要密碼,而且最好都不一樣。以前偷懶用同一組,結果某個論壇被駭,連 Email 都被登入,才發現事情大條。現在想好好整理,卻不知道從哪裡開始——用瀏覽器記住密碼是方便,但換電腦、換瀏覽器就全部不見,而且瀏覽器本身也不夠安全。

一般人最常做的就是把密碼寫在記事本或 Excel 裡,但這等於把鑰匙放在門口地墊下。密碼管理器的切入點很簡單:你只需要記住一組主密碼,其他所有密碼都鎖在一個加密的資料庫裡,要用時再解鎖。KeePass 就是這個領域的老牌開源工具,從 2005 年開發到現在,靠的是社群信任和可審查的原始碼,而不是華麗的介面。

KeePass Password Safe 操作介面
KeePass Password Safe 的操作介面

01KeePass 是什麼?跟一般記密碼的軟體有什麼不同?

KeePass 是一套開源密碼管理器,把所有的帳號密碼集中存放在一個加密資料庫裡,用一組主密碼或金鑰檔案解鎖。跟瀏覽器內建記密碼功能不同,它的資料庫是用 AES 和 Twofish 加密,而且原始碼公開,任何人都可以檢查加密有沒有實作正確。免費、無廣告,也不需要註冊帳號。

02密碼存在哪裡?會不會被偷?

所有密碼存在一個以主密碼或金鑰檔案鎖住的資料庫檔案裡,檔案本身用 AES 和 Twofish 加密。沒有主密碼或金鑰檔案,就無法開啟內容。你可以把這個檔案放在自己的隨身碟、NAS 或雲端硬碟,但 KeePass 本身沒有內建雲端同步,傳輸和備份的責任在自己身上。

03可以帶著走嗎?還是只能裝在電腦上?

有提供免安裝的便攜版,放在隨身碟裡直接執行,不需要安裝。資料庫檔案也可以跟著隨身碟走,換一台電腦就能用。不過要注意,便攜版需要目標電腦有安裝 .NET Framework 4.7 以上版本,而且介面是英文的。

KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面 2
KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面

04可以從別的密碼軟體匯入資料嗎?

可以。KeePass 支援從多種格式匯入,也支援匯出成 TXT、HTML、XML 和 CSV。如果你原本用 Excel 或 CSV 記密碼,可以先整理成 CSV 再匯入。匯出功能也可以用來備份或轉移到其他軟體,但匯出後的檔案是明文,要小心存放。

05自動輸入密碼是怎麼運作的?

內建 Auto-Type 功能,可以設定讓 KeePass 自動幫你輸入使用者名稱和密碼。它會模擬鍵盤輸入,所以不需要複製貼上,避免密碼留在剪貼簿裡。也可以設定全域快速鍵,在任何視窗按下快捷鍵就自動填入。但這功能在部分網站或應用程式上可能因為輸入框設計不同而失效,需要自己調整設定。

06適合什麼樣的人用?

適合願意花時間自己管理資料庫的人。KeePass 的運作方式是把所有責任交給你:主密碼自己記、資料庫自己備份、同步自己處理。如果你習慣把東西掌握在自己手裡,不喜歡雲端服務,也不介意英文介面,那它很夠用。它也適合需要管理大量帳號的 IT 人員,可以用群組分類和自訂欄位。

KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面 3
KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面

07跟瀏覽器內建的密碼管理比起來,有什麼差別?

瀏覽器內建功能方便,但綁定特定瀏覽器,換瀏覽器或重灌電腦就麻煩。KeePass 的資料庫是獨立檔案,不受瀏覽器限制,而且加密強度更高。但相對的,KeePass 沒有自動填表單的功能,需要靠 Auto-Type 或手動複製貼上,使用上沒有瀏覽器那麼順手。

08手機上能用嗎?

官方沒有提供手機版。資料庫檔案格式是公開的,市面上有第三方 App 可以開啟 KeePass 資料庫,但那些 App 不是官方出品,相容性和安全性需要自行確認。如果你主要用手機記密碼,KeePass 可能不是最方便的選擇。

09需要雲端同步嗎?KeePass 有內建嗎?

KeePass 沒有內建雲端備份或同步功能。如果你要把資料庫放在 Dropbox、Google Drive 之類的地方,需要自己設定,而且每次修改後要手動上傳。如果多台電腦要同步,也要自己處理檔案衝突的問題。不想自己管理同步的人,用起來會覺得很麻煩。

KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面 4
KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面

10介面只有英文,看不懂怎麼辦?

介面語系只有英文,沒有官方中文。不過 KeePass 支援多國語言套件,可以另外下載中文語言檔,但需要自己安裝設定。如果連安裝語言檔都覺得困難,或希望介面預設就是中文,那這套軟體對你來說門檻會比較高。

11跟其他密碼管理器比起來,為什麼評分人數不多?

在收錄的比較名單中,KeePass 有 98 人評分,RoboForm 有 117 人,Kaspersky Password Manager 有 77 人。評分人數少不代表不好,但表示使用者的基數相對小。KeePass 的介面停留在早期風格,沒有現代密碼管理器常見的自動填表、雲端同步、行動裝置 App,這些都是它評分人數不多的可能原因。

12什麼樣的人不建議用 KeePass?

如果你需要手機和電腦之間無縫同步、想要自動填寫網頁表單、或希望介面是中文且現代化,那 KeePass 會讓你花很多時間在設定和維護上。它沒有官方手機版、沒有內建雲端同步、介面老舊且只有英文。這些需求可以考慮其他有持續更新、介面較現代的密碼管理器,但那些通常是付費或訂閱制。

下載與官方連結

前往官方網站 下載 KeePass Password Safe

KeePass-2.09-Setup.exe · 1.81 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

版本紀錄

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看完整版本清單

這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

New Features:
- Added option to use file transactions when writing databases (enabled by default; writing to a temporary file and replacing the actual file afterwards avoids data loss when KeePass is prevented from saving the database completely).
- Added PLGX plugin file format.
- Enhanced database synchronization by structure merging (relocation/moving and reordering groups and entries).
- Added synchronization 'Recent Files' list (in 'File' menu).
- Synchronization / import: added merging of entry histories.
- Synchronization / import: backups of current entries are created automatically, if their data would be lost in the merging process.
- Database name, description, default user name, entry templates group and the recycle bin settings are now synchronized.
- Added {NEWPASSWORD} placeholder, which generates a new password for the current entry, based on the "Automatically generated passwords for new entries" generator profile; this placeholder is replaced once in an auto-type process, i.e. for a typical 'Old Password'-'New Password'-'Repeat New Password' dialog you can use {PASSWORD}{TAB}{NEWPASSWORD}{TAB}{NEWPASSWORD}{ENTER}.
- Added scheme-specific URL overrides (this way you can for example tell KeePass to open all http- and https-URLs with Firefox or Opera instead of the system default browser; PuTTY is set as handler for ssh-URLs by default; see Options -> Integration).
- Added option to drop to the background when copying data to the clipboard.
- Added option to use alternating item background colors in the main entry list (option enabled by default).
- The Ctrl+E shortcut key now jumps to the quick search box.
- Added auto-type sequence conversion routine to convert key codes between 1.x and 2.x format.
- Added workaround for internal queue issue in SendKeys.Flush.
- Added more simple clipboard backup routine to workaround clipboard issues when special formats are present.
- Added native clipboard clearing method to avoid empty data objects being left in the clipboard.
- Added import support for custom icons.
- Added {GOOGLECHROME} placeholder, which is replaced by the executable path of Google Chrome, if installed.
- Added {URL:RMVSCM} placeholder, which inserts the URL of the current entry without the scheme specifier.
- Added ability to search for UUIDs and group names.
- Toolbar searches now also search in UUIDs and group names.
- Added {DELAY=X} placeholder to specify a default delay of X milliseconds between standard keypresses in this sequence.
- Added option to disable verifying written database files.
- Attachment names in the entry view are now clickable (to open the attachments in the internal editor or viewer).
- Added Unicode support in entry details view.
- Added option to render menus and toolbars with gradient backgrounds (enabled by default).
- MRU lists now have numeric access keys.
- Added '--entry-url-open' command line option (specify the UUID of the entry as '--uuid:' command line parameter).
- Added 'Application initialized' trigger event.
- Added 'User interface state updated' trigger event.
- Added host reachability trigger condition.
- Added 'Active database has unsaved changes' trigger condition.
- Added 'Save active database' trigger action.
- Added database file synchronization trigger action.
- Added database file export trigger action.
- KeePass now restores the last view when opening databases.
- Added system-wide hot key to execute auto-type for the currently selected entry (configurable in the options).
- Added option to disable auto-type entry matching based on title (by default an entry matches if its title is contained in the target window title).
- Added option to disable marking TAN entries as expired when using them.
- Added option to focus the quick search box when restoring from tray (disabled by default).
- Added entry context menu commands to sort by UUID and file attachments.
- Custom string fields are now appended to the notes when exporting to KeePass 1.x KDB files.
- Enforced configuration files are now item-based (items not defined in the enforced configuration file are now loaded from the global/local configuration files instead of being set to defaults).
- File transactions are used when writing configuration files.
- KPScript: added 'ChangeMasterKey' command.
- ShInstUtil: added check for the presence of .NET.
- TrlUtil: added command under 'Import' that loads 2.x LNGX files without checking base hashes.
- TrlUtil: added control docking support.
- Plugin developers: added static window addition and removal events to the GlobalWindowManager class.
- Plugin developers: added ability to write custom dialog banner generators (CustomGenerator of BannerFactory).
- Plugin developers: the IOConnectionInfo of the database is now accessible through the key provider query context.
- Plugin developers: added static auto-type filter events (plugins can provide own placeholders, do sequence customizations like inserting delays, and provide alternative key sending methods).
- Plugin developers: added UIStateUpdated main window event.

Improvements / Changes:
- Simple text boxes now convert rich text immediately.
- Improved entry change detection (avoid unnecessary backups when closing the entry dialog with [OK] but without any changes; detect by content instead of change events).
- Header in entry selection dialog is now non-clickable.
- Entry list header now uses native sorting icons.
- Key providers are now remembered separately from key files.
- The main window is now the owner of the import method dialog.
- The global URL override is now also applied for main entry URLs in the entry details view.
- Improved grouping behavior when disabling entry sorting.
- Improved field mapping in RoboForm import.
- Root groups now support custom icons.
- In the entry dialog, string values are now copied to the clipboard instead of asterisks.
- Improved import/synchronization status dialog.
- Improved import/synchronization error message dialogs.
- Entry history items are now identified by the last modification time instead of last access time.
- The trigger system can now be accessed directly through 'Tools' -> 'Triggers...', not the options anymore.
- Changed order of commands in the 'Tools' menu.
- Improved auto-type target window validity checking.
- Ctrl-V does not make the main window lose the focus anymore if auto-type is disabled for the currently selected entry.
- When restoring from tray, the main window is now brought to the foreground.
- Double-clicking an icon in the icon picker dialog now chooses the icon and closes the dialog.
- When adding a custom icon to the database, the new icon is selected automatically.
- When opening a database by running KeePass.exe with the database file path as parameter (and single instance option enabled), the existing KeePass instance will not prompt for keys of previously locked databases anymore when restoring (they are just left in locked state).
- Unlocking routine doesn't display multiple dialogs anymore.
- Improved shortcut key handling in main window.
- Master key change success message now has a distinguishable window title.
- Improved start position and focus of the URL dialog.
- Improved layout in options dialog.
- Improved UUID and UI updates when removing custom icons.
- Improved window deconstruction when closing with [X].
- Improved user activity detection.
- Improved state updating of sorting context menu commands.
- Improved sorting by UUIDs.
- Improved naming of options to clarify their meaning.
- Converted ShInstUtil to a native application (in order to be able to show a warning in case .NET is not installed).
- Plugins: improved IOConnection to allow using registered custom WebRequest descendants (WebRequest.RegisterPrefix).
- TrlUtil: improved XML comments generation.
- Various code optimizations.
- Minor other improvements.

Bugfixes:
- Password profile derivation function doesn't incorrectly always add standard character ranges anymore.
- In-memory protection for the title field of new entries can be enabled now.