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密碼多到記不住?KeePass 免費開源密碼管理器能做什麼

KeePass Password Safe 軟體圖示 KeePass Password Safe 2.50 資料更新 2022-01-07 閱讀約 6 分鐘

你手上至少有十幾個帳號:Windows 登入、Email、網站會員、FTP、論壇……每個都要密碼,而且最好都不一樣。以前偷懶用同一組,結果某個論壇被駭,連 Email 都被登入,才發現事情大條。現在想好好整理,卻不知道從哪裡開始——用瀏覽器記住密碼是方便,但換電腦、換瀏覽器就全部不見,而且瀏覽器本身也不夠安全。

一般人最常做的就是把密碼寫在記事本或 Excel 裡,但這等於把鑰匙放在門口地墊下。密碼管理器的切入點很簡單:你只需要記住一組主密碼,其他所有密碼都鎖在一個加密的資料庫裡,要用時再解鎖。KeePass 就是這個領域的老牌開源工具,從 2005 年開發到現在,靠的是社群信任和可審查的原始碼,而不是華麗的介面。

KeePass Password Safe 操作介面
KeePass Password Safe 的操作介面

01KeePass 是什麼?跟一般記密碼的軟體有什麼不同?

KeePass 是一套開源密碼管理器,把所有的帳號密碼集中存放在一個加密資料庫裡,用一組主密碼或金鑰檔案解鎖。跟瀏覽器內建記密碼功能不同,它的資料庫是用 AES 和 Twofish 加密,而且原始碼公開,任何人都可以檢查加密有沒有實作正確。免費、無廣告,也不需要註冊帳號。

02密碼存在哪裡?會不會被偷?

所有密碼存在一個以主密碼或金鑰檔案鎖住的資料庫檔案裡,檔案本身用 AES 和 Twofish 加密。沒有主密碼或金鑰檔案,就無法開啟內容。你可以把這個檔案放在自己的隨身碟、NAS 或雲端硬碟,但 KeePass 本身沒有內建雲端同步,傳輸和備份的責任在自己身上。

03可以帶著走嗎?還是只能裝在電腦上?

有提供免安裝的便攜版,放在隨身碟裡直接執行,不需要安裝。資料庫檔案也可以跟著隨身碟走,換一台電腦就能用。不過要注意,便攜版需要目標電腦有安裝 .NET Framework 4.7 以上版本,而且介面是英文的。

KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面 2
KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面

04可以從別的密碼軟體匯入資料嗎?

可以。KeePass 支援從多種格式匯入,也支援匯出成 TXT、HTML、XML 和 CSV。如果你原本用 Excel 或 CSV 記密碼,可以先整理成 CSV 再匯入。匯出功能也可以用來備份或轉移到其他軟體,但匯出後的檔案是明文,要小心存放。

05自動輸入密碼是怎麼運作的?

內建 Auto-Type 功能,可以設定讓 KeePass 自動幫你輸入使用者名稱和密碼。它會模擬鍵盤輸入,所以不需要複製貼上,避免密碼留在剪貼簿裡。也可以設定全域快速鍵,在任何視窗按下快捷鍵就自動填入。但這功能在部分網站或應用程式上可能因為輸入框設計不同而失效,需要自己調整設定。

06適合什麼樣的人用?

適合願意花時間自己管理資料庫的人。KeePass 的運作方式是把所有責任交給你:主密碼自己記、資料庫自己備份、同步自己處理。如果你習慣把東西掌握在自己手裡,不喜歡雲端服務,也不介意英文介面,那它很夠用。它也適合需要管理大量帳號的 IT 人員,可以用群組分類和自訂欄位。

KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面 3
KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面

07跟瀏覽器內建的密碼管理比起來,有什麼差別?

瀏覽器內建功能方便,但綁定特定瀏覽器,換瀏覽器或重灌電腦就麻煩。KeePass 的資料庫是獨立檔案,不受瀏覽器限制,而且加密強度更高。但相對的,KeePass 沒有自動填表單的功能,需要靠 Auto-Type 或手動複製貼上,使用上沒有瀏覽器那麼順手。

08手機上能用嗎?

官方沒有提供手機版。資料庫檔案格式是公開的,市面上有第三方 App 可以開啟 KeePass 資料庫,但那些 App 不是官方出品,相容性和安全性需要自行確認。如果你主要用手機記密碼,KeePass 可能不是最方便的選擇。

09需要雲端同步嗎?KeePass 有內建嗎?

KeePass 沒有內建雲端備份或同步功能。如果你要把資料庫放在 Dropbox、Google Drive 之類的地方,需要自己設定,而且每次修改後要手動上傳。如果多台電腦要同步,也要自己處理檔案衝突的問題。不想自己管理同步的人,用起來會覺得很麻煩。

KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面 4
KeePass Password Safe 介面畫面

10介面只有英文,看不懂怎麼辦?

介面語系只有英文,沒有官方中文。不過 KeePass 支援多國語言套件,可以另外下載中文語言檔,但需要自己安裝設定。如果連安裝語言檔都覺得困難,或希望介面預設就是中文,那這套軟體對你來說門檻會比較高。

11跟其他密碼管理器比起來,為什麼評分人數不多?

在收錄的比較名單中,KeePass 有 98 人評分,RoboForm 有 117 人,Kaspersky Password Manager 有 77 人。評分人數少不代表不好,但表示使用者的基數相對小。KeePass 的介面停留在早期風格,沒有現代密碼管理器常見的自動填表、雲端同步、行動裝置 App,這些都是它評分人數不多的可能原因。

12什麼樣的人不建議用 KeePass?

如果你需要手機和電腦之間無縫同步、想要自動填寫網頁表單、或希望介面是中文且現代化,那 KeePass 會讓你花很多時間在設定和維護上。它沒有官方手機版、沒有內建雲端同步、介面老舊且只有英文。這些需求可以考慮其他有持續更新、介面較現代的密碼管理器,但那些通常是付費或訂閱制。

下載與官方連結

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KeePass-2.50-Setup.exe · 連結指向軟體原廠

版本紀錄

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看完整版本清單

這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

New Features:
- On most Windows systems, AES-KDF is now about twice as fast as before
- On most Linux systems, AES-KDF is now about 4 times as fast as before, if the 'libgcrypt' library is installed
- On most Windows systems, Argon2d and Argon2id are now about twice as fast as before (for default parameters)
- On most Linux systems, Argon2d and Argon2id are now about 3 times as fast as before (for default parameters), if the 'libargon2' library is installed
- The option 'Enter master key on secure desktop' is now also supported by master key prompt dialogs shown during imports, confirmations (before exporting, printing, changing the master key, ...) and trigger actions
- The option 'Enter master key on secure desktop' is now also supported by master key creation/change dialogs
- The key file/provider combo boxes in the master key dialogs now have a tooltip that shows the current value, if the value is very long
- When running on .NET 4.7.2 or higher, GZip decompression is faster now (i.e. most databases are opened a bit faster, pasting entries from the clipboard is a bit faster, ...)
- Added password generation button in the entry string field dialog
- When double-clicking the title cell of an entry in the main entry list while holding down the Shift key, the title is now copied to the clipboard
- Added support for opening URLs with Pale Moon, Epiphany and Midori in private mode
- Enhanced application detection on Unix-like systems (support for certain Snap packages, ...)
- Added support for detecting the latest versions of Chromium on Unix-like systems (for 'Open with ...' commands in the 'URL(s)' menu, for the {GOOGLECHROME} placeholder, ...)
- In the 'URL(s)' menu, there now are separate commands for Google Chrome and Chromium, if both are installed
- Enhanced support for detecting Vivaldi, Brave, Pale Moon and Epiphany
- Added support for importing Kaspersky Password Manager 9.0.2 TXT files
- Bitwarden import module: added support for importing subfolders, and collection names are now imported as tags
- In the 'About KeePass' dialog, each item in the components list now has a tooltip that shows the file/folder path of the component, if it is installed
- In the 'About KeePass' dialog, a double-click onto a component now shows the component file/folder with the file manager
- In the 'About KeePass' dialog, the components list now has a context menu that provides the following new commands: 'Show with File Manager', 'Copy Version/Status' and 'Copy Path'

Improved:
- If the option 'An entry matches if one of its tags is contained in the target window title' is turned on, auto-type now additionally considers tags inherited from groups
- The built-in password generation patterns 'Hex Key - *-Bit' now use upper-case hexadecimal symbols
- Improved Spr variance check of the password generator (custom string references, ...)
- All commands in the password generator menu (shown by the password generator buttons in entry/string dialogs) support the option 'Show dialog for collecting user input as additional entropy' now
- Improved entropy collection dialog
- Improved control state updating in the master key prompt dialog and in the master key creation/change dialog
- Improved key file existence check in the master key creation/change dialog
- Improved master key construction
- Improved handling of exclusive key providers
- Improved compatibility of some dialogs with plugins that can cancel closing the dialog
- Improved automatic entry selections in the main entry list
- Access key improvements
- Improved entry equality test in order to prevent the creation of unnecessary history entries during certain operations
- XML Replace: improved entry modification detection
- Improved initial input focus in the single edit dialog
- In the import/export dialog, the icon of an import/export module now matches the file/procedure type
- DataVault CSV import module: improved importing of notes
- Improved native buffer handling
- When opening/copying the URL of an entry, the last access time of the entry is updated now
- TrlUtil: added DPI awareness mode declaration
- Various UI text improvements
- Various code optimizations
- Minor other improvements

Fixed:
- Column header context menus are not shown for non-report list views anymore
- When copying a URL to the clipboard fails, the main entry list is updated now
- Toggling the password generator option 'Show dialog for collecting user input as additional entropy' now causes a switch to the '(Custom)' profile
- In the TAN wizard dialog, group names containing ampersands are displayed correctly now