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Krita 免費繪圖軟體,能取代 Photoshop 嗎

Krita (64-bit) 軟體圖示 Krita (64-bit) 3.0 (64-bit) 資料更新 2016-05-31 閱讀約 8 分鐘

許多人想開始學電繪,或偶爾需要畫個插圖、修個圖,打開電腦卻發現 Photoshop 訂閱制一年要繳好幾千塊,對只是偶爾畫畫的人來說實在負擔不小。於是開始找免費替代品,但免費軟體百百種,有的功能太陽春、有的介面全是英文看不懂、有的裝了卻一直當機,最後還是默默回去用試用版或盜版,問題根本沒解決。

一般人遇到這種狀況,第一個念頭是找「免費的 Photoshop」,但免費繪圖軟體通常分成兩種:一種是功能精簡到連圖層都搞不清楚,另一種是功能很強但介面複雜到不知道從哪裡開始。而且很多免費軟體只支援 Windows 或 Mac 其中一邊,換個裝置就要重新適應。這類工具的切入點不是「免費」而已,而是它能不能提供接近專業軟體的工作流程——像是圖層管理、筆刷控制、色彩管理這些基本功,同時又不會讓新手一打開就放棄。

01Krita 到底是什麼?跟一般小畫家那種軟體有什麼不同?

Krita 是一套開放原始碼的數位繪圖與插畫軟體,由 KDE 社群開發,主要針對藝術家、插畫家和概念設計師設計。它跟小畫家最大的差異在於具備完整的圖層系統、多種筆刷引擎、色彩管理、動畫時間軸等功能,是為了專業繪圖工作流程打造的,不是單純的塗鴉工具。官方說明指出它同時支援入門和專業使用者。

02它能不能開 Photoshop 的 PSD 檔?我有一堆 .psd 檔案要處理。

可以。官方資料顯示 Krita 支援開啟和儲存 .psd 檔案,但要注意的是,某些複雜的圖層效果或特殊混合模式可能無法完美轉換,這點官方有明確提醒。如果你的 PSD 檔案裡有大量 Photoshop 專屬的智慧型物件或特殊濾鏡,轉換後可能需要手動調整。建議先拿幾個重要的檔案測試看看,確認相容性符合需求再大量轉移。

03這套軟體有動畫功能嗎?我想做簡單的 2D 逐格動畫。

有。Krita 內建時間軸和洋蔥皮(onion-skinning)功能,可以製作 2D 逐格動畫。官方說明提到,在 5.2 版本中動畫功能有明顯強化,包含音訊與畫面的同步播放(採用 MLT 框架),以及整合 FFmpeg 簡化影片匯出流程。也就是說,你可以在 Krita 裡畫好每一幀,然後直接匯出成影片,不需要另外安裝其他工具。

04它的筆刷功能夠專業嗎?我習慣用 Photoshop 的筆刷,怕換軟體手感差很多。

Krita 的筆刷系統相當完整,官方資料顯示它支援多種動態筆刷引擎,包括像素、塗抹、紋理,甚至還有專門的剖面線(Hatching)和圖案(Pattern)引擎。每個筆刷都可以深度自訂參數,而且支援筆壓感應。如果你原本用 Photoshop,可能需要一段時間適應介面配置,但筆刷的細緻度和可調整性不會是問題。

05我想在平板上畫圖,Krita 有支援嗎?

官方資料顯示 Krita 支援 Windows、macOS、Linux,也支援 Android 平板。不過要注意的是,官方特別提到 Android 版本在影片匯出功能上有例外限制,FFmpeg 整合功能在 Android 上無法使用。如果你主要是在 Android 平板上創作,建議先確認你需要的功能在該平台是否完整支援,再決定是否當作主要工具。

06這套軟體適合完全沒畫過圖的新手嗎?還是只適合專業人士?

官方說明指出 Krita 同時滿足初學者和專業人士的需求。它的介面可以高度自訂,有彈出式調色盤和筆刷預設集,方便快速取用常用工具,對新手來說門檻不算太高。不過,它的介面預設是英文,而且功能眾多,完全沒有繪圖軟體概念的人可能需要花時間看教學或說明文件。如果你完全沒用過任何繪圖軟體,建議先從官方網站或影音平台找基礎教學。

07它跟 Photoshop 比起來,主要輸在哪裡?我想知道實際差異。

從官方資料來看,Krita 在繪圖和插畫功能上相當完整,但 Photoshop 的用戶評分人數高達 9575 人,而 Krita 只有 201 人,這反映市場上 Photoshop 的使用者基數遠大得多。在生態系方面,Photoshop 有龐大的外掛、教學資源和業界標準地位,而 Krita 雖然支援 Python 腳本和外掛,但資源相對少。另外,PSD 檔案在某些複雜效果上無法完美轉換,這對需要與其他設計師協作的人來說可能是關鍵考量。

08我主要是拿來修照片、調色,不是畫插圖,這套軟體適合嗎?

Krita 的核心功能是繪圖和插畫,雖然它也具備色彩管理、圖層遮罩等基本編輯能力,但官方說明中沒有特別強調照片修圖功能,像是液化、內容感知填滿、HDR 合併這類 Photoshop 的強項在 Krita 中並未提及。如果你的主要需求是照片修圖,而不是數位繪畫,可能需要考慮其他更專門的工具,例如 Paint.NET(316 人評分)或直接使用 Photoshop 的替代方案。

09這套軟體是免費的嗎?有沒有隱藏收費或功能限制?

官方 FAQ 明確表示 Krita 完全免費且開放原始碼,採用 GNU General Public License (GPL) 授權,也就是說你可以自由使用、修改和散佈。沒有隱藏收費,也沒有功能限制。不過要注意的是,官方網站有提供捐贈選項,但那是自願性質,不影響軟體功能。另外,它支援外掛和擴充功能,這些資源有些是免費的,有些可能需要付費購買,但軟體本身沒有內購機制。

10它的介面只有英文嗎?我看不懂英文會不會很難用?

根據提供的資料,Krita 的介面語系是 English,沒有提到支援繁體中文。對不熟悉英文的人來說,這確實是個門檻,因為繪圖軟體有很多專業術語,例如「圖層遮罩」「混合模式」「色彩設定檔」等。不過,Krita 的介面是可以高度自訂的,你可以調整面板配置、建立自己的快捷鍵,減少需要閱讀英文的頻率。如果英文程度有限,建議先看中文教學影片,了解功能位置後再操作。

11我的電腦是 Windows 8,可以安裝嗎?還是需要升級?

官方資料顯示 Krita 支援 Windows 8 (64-bit)、Windows 10 (64-bit) 和 Windows 11。如果你的電腦是 Windows 8 的 64 位元版本,可以安裝。不過要注意的是,Windows 8 已經停止主流支援,而且 Krita 近 12 個月更新了 9 次,新版本可能逐漸提高系統需求。建議安裝前先確認你的電腦硬體規格,並到官方網站查看最新版本的系統需求說明。

12這套軟體跟 ArtRage 或 Autodesk SketchBook 比起來,哪個比較多人用?

從評分人數來看,Krita 有 201 人評分,ArtRage 只有 33 人,Autodesk SketchBook 有 549 人。SketchBook 的評分人數最多,但要注意 Autodesk 已經停止開發 SketchBook,而 Krita 仍持續更新(近 24 個月更新 14 次)。如果你在意軟體的長期維護和功能演進,Krita 的開發活躍度是明顯的優勢。但如果你需要的是特定功能,建議直接下載試用,實際操作看看哪個符合你的工作流程。

下載與官方連結

前往官方網站 下載 Krita (64-bit)

krita-3.0-x64-setup.exe · 62.16 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

版本紀錄

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

- Krita 3.0 is finally here! Releasing round version-number releases is always exciting for any kind of project. It’s like the start of a new beginning! And 3.0 presents a lot of new beginnings to us as well: First, we have now our own repository, for our code, as well as our own wiki, for the manual! So we started this release with a Spring-cleaning: Porting to Qt 5 and KDE Frameworks 5, necessary to keep Krita easy to maintain in the future. But also cleaning out the code. We removed lines of dustbunny code and reorganized all the files. We also started work on making OSX a first-class platform for Krita, but though we’ve already done lots of work, that is still a work in progress.
- And of course, rewriting the core rendering system, for what you have all been waiting for. If you haven’t already, check out the Krita 3.0 Video Review from GDQuest…

You can now do proper frame-by-frame animation in Krita. Multiple layers, all sorts of playback speeds, onion skinning, on top of all of Krita’s existing paint tools:
- It’s enough to make any animator’s fingers itch!
- nimatable raster layers – Animated raster images with frames, and use the time-line docker to order them. Works in all color spaces and depths as well!
- Onion skinning – This allows you to have an overlay of the previous and next frames, an important assistant when going from rough animation to smooth animation!
- Importing image sequence – Import any set of images as an animated layer, automatically sorted by naming scheme.
- Exporting image sequence – Export the whole animation as an image sequence, for further processing in other programs.
- New dockers – timeline docker, animation docker, and animation workspace
- CSV import and export – for layered animation, for use with TV-paint, or Blender via a plugin, courtesy of Laszlo Fazekas
- Spriter scml exporter – Make the base image in Krita and then export it to this powerful cut-out animation tool for games.

Faster, Stronger, Instant:
- It is easy to make a timeline docker, but it’s not easy to have fast playback, and we know that animation in Krita would just be a gimmick without real-time playback. Therefore speeding up was paramount!
- Caching for Animation playback – Proper animation playback, in all sorts of frame-rates, relative speed-ups
- Instant Preview for Big canvases! – Utilizing the power of OpenGL 3.0 you can now draw smoothly with 1000 pixel width brushes!
- Frame dropping – For slower devices, we implemented frame-dropping, so that you can always see your animation at real-time speed!

FASTER LAYER WORKFLOW:

More Layer Actions:
- Simplified merging – One hotkey to rule them all!
- Multi-Layer Mania – Krita 2.9 had multi-layer selection and dragging and dropping. We spent this release expanding this functionality with moving, on canvas-selecting, merging, duplicating and more!
- Quick select layers – Select All/Visible/Locked layers, or select them on-canvas via Shift+R+Click
- Mass editing layer properties – Instantly rename multiple layers, or change their blending mode, or opacity, or any other property.
- Group multiple layers – Or create Clipping Groups or just ungrouping with hotkeys.

User Interface Improvements for Layer Management:
- We spent a long time discussing the most important parts to managing layers and what needs to be seen. From this, we updated the entire layers docker. This new look comes with some additional functionality.
- Clearer Layers – Condensed layers means you can see more at a time
- Color Coding – Right-clicking a layer gives you the ability to color code a layer
- Filter layers by color – You can choose to only see all blue layers, or green layers, or only blue and green layers with layer filtering.

SHORTCUT IMPROVEMENTS:

- Switch Shortcut Layout – If you are familiar with Photoshop or Paint Tool SAI’s shortcuts, you can switch the shortcut system. Accessed from the Settings → Configure Shortcuts.
- Saving and loading shortcut schemes – Share you shortcuts with friends and collegues!
- A better shortcut layout – Short cuts are now grouped!
- Selection shortcuts switch – There is a new setting in the preferences that allow you to switch the Alt and Control modifiers for the selection shortcuts
- Luminance based hotkeys – The Lighter and Darker actions are now color managed and use true luminance where ever possible.
- Redder/Greener/Bluer/Yellower/Hue/Saturation Hotkeys – New configurable actions for modifying a color’s hue, saturation, making it redder, greener, bluer and yellower.

Grids, Guides and Snapping:
- Grids and Guides docker – A Unified docker for grids and guides!
- Customize the look of Grids and Guides – Toggle Grid and Guide visibility separate and edit their look!
- Grids and Guides saved per document – None of this global grid nonsense, and you can now set-up templates.
- Snapping – The vast majority of tools now support snapping to grids and guides.
- Fast access to snap-settings! – snap-settings pop up on Shift+S.

User Interface:
- Improved popup palette – for easier reading of the preset-icons
- Compacter New Document Screen – The new document menu has been modified to fit on tiny laptop screens.
- The color space browser heavily improved – you can now get feedback about color lookup table profiles like those of the CMYK space as well as their Tone Response/Reproduction/Transfer curve.
- Loading screen – Krita now shows you what it is loading on the start-up screen!
- Improved GUI – The Crop tool, Assistant editing tool and the Straight line tool got an improved user interface, and the Straight line tool’s on-canvas preview has been improved as well.

Filters:
- Gradient map filter – It wasn’t planned, but Spencer Brown surprised us all and added it! It is still in progress, so temporarily disabled for the filterlayers.
- More Models for the HSV adjustment filter – HSV adjustment now supports HSI, HSY and YCrCb for the model
- Multi-threading with G’MIC – Make use of all your processor cores for all those fancy G’MIC filters. G’MIC is also a lot more stable now.

Other changes:
- Added “Greater” blending mode – change the way you paint on transparent layers (example shown to the side)! Made by Nicolas Guttenberg’s dedicated tinkering!
- GBR and GIH import/export – Gimp’s brush format can now be saved and opened directly by Krita. You don’t have to rely on the make-brush menu in the predefined brush-tab.
- Move Tool Improvements – Move layer content with arrow keys, and configure the increments in all important unit-sizes!
- True luminance in the advanced selector – The HSY space color pickers are now linearised before their luma is crunched. The Gamma can be manually configured, making this picker possible to give true luminosity!
- Smoother Color Smudge – Improved the smoothness of the color smudge strokes in dulling mode.
- New pixel art presets – No need to create your own now.
- New cursor options – Added a single pixel black and white. For those who REALLY need precision.
- Removed the grids tool and the perspective grid tool. You can use the perspective grid assistant for the latter, and even get more features. For the grid tool we have replaced it with the grids and guides docker!
- Added zoom and pan tools! – These tools revived themselves during the port, and we let them be for those preferring these tools separately
- Improved Learning and Education:
- New manual website! – Pressing F1 now takes you to the new learning area on Krita.org. This has more information and should be a better resource for answering your issues. It includes a type-ahead search as well as a static navigation on the left.

Technology Upgrade:

For 3.0, we had the QT5 and KF5 port, but that is not the only thing we changed:
- Renewed Tablet Handling – We rewrote the entire tablet and input system, supporting a wide variety of drawing tablets using Qt5 now.
- Linux AppImages – Now different Linux users can have the latest version without waiting on their distribution repository updates.
- Changing Compilers for Windows – We are building and cross-compiling with MinGW instead of MSVC now. This will allow us to use VC 1.2 (a math library for speed) in the future, but more importantly, make a stable, multi-threaded version of G’MIC, and the ability to import and export PDFs with the poppler library. With this change, we aren’t able to use MSVC any longer.
- Faster startup time – More resources are loaded and managed internally. This means faster start times.
- Building Instructions – Improved building instructions for developers and technology enthusiasts.
- Build Krita on Windows and OSX – Building Krita from the source code is easier than ever. It was significantly more difficult in Krita 2.9. The instructions are in the 3rd party folder in the source code for how to do it. We even have artists building on Windows!