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想學資料庫先裝哪套?MySQL 能幫你做到什麼

MySQL (64-bit) 軟體圖示 MySQL (64-bit) 5.5.37 (64-bit) 資料更新 2014-03-28 閱讀約 6 分鐘

你正在架一個網站、寫一支會存資料的程式,或學校作業要用到資料庫。你上網查「資料庫 軟體」,跑出一堆名字,每個看起來都很專業,但你其實只想知道:裝哪一套可以趕快把資料存進去、把資料撈出來,不要卡在安裝和設定。你怕選錯,更怕裝了之後才發現不適合,又要重來。

很多人第一個念頭是用 Excel 或 Google 試算表硬撐,但資料一多、要同時讓好幾個人查詢、要寫條件篩選的時候,試算表就開始卡。另一條路是直接租雲端資料庫,但每個月要付錢,對還在學習或開發階段的人來說負擔太大。這類資料庫軟體的切入點是:給你一套在本機就能跑的關聯式資料庫,用 SQL 指令跟它溝通,先解決「有地方存資料」這個根本問題。

01MySQL 到底是做什麼用的?

它是一套關聯式資料庫管理系統,用來儲存、管理、查詢資料。你可以把它想成一個放在電腦裡的資料倉庫,透過 SQL 指令建立資料表、寫入資料、下條件查詢。它本身沒有圖形介面,安裝完之後是背景服務,要另外裝管理工具才能看到資料內容。

02我完全沒碰過資料庫,這套軟體適合入門嗎?

適合,但要有心理準備。它主要透過命令列操作,你至少要會基本的 SQL 語法,例如 CREATE TABLE、SELECT、INSERT 這些指令。官方文件寫得很完整,網路上教學資源也很多,只是學習曲線比圖形介面的工具陡一些。如果你完全不想碰指令,可以搭配 MySQL Workbench 這類圖形工具使用。

03它跟 Excel 有什麼差?什麼時候該換成資料庫?

Excel 適合幾千筆以內、單人編輯、不需要複雜關聯的資料。當資料量變大、多人同時讀寫、或你要做跨表格查詢的時候,Excel 會明顯變慢且容易出錯。MySQL 用 SQL 處理查詢,效能穩定,也支援多人同時連線,適合網站、應用程式這類需要頻繁讀寫資料的場景。

04安裝過程會不會很複雜?

安裝本身不複雜,執行安裝檔、按幾個下一步就裝好了。比較需要花時間的是安裝後的設定,包括資料庫帳號密碼、存取權限、連線埠這些。官方文件有提到,安裝時可以設定資料庫選項、定義存取權限、指定儲存方式。如果你只是想先跑起來,用預設值就可以了。

05它有沒有圖形介面可以用?

軟體本身只有命令列介面,但官方文件列出了幾個第三方圖形工具,包括 phpMyAdmin、MySQL Workbench、Navicat。這些工具可以讓你用滑鼠建立資料表、執行查詢、看效能狀態,不用背指令。其中 MySQL Workbench 是 Oracle 出的免費工具,跟 MySQL 搭配使用的人很多。

06我寫程式的語言跟它合得來嗎?

官方文件說它支援多種程式語言,並提供對應的連接器,例如 Java 用 MySQL Connector/J、Python 用 MySQL Connector/Python。也就是說,你只要照官方文件把對應的驅動程式裝好,就可以從程式裡連到資料庫下 SQL 指令。PHP、C# 這些常見語言也都有社群提供的連線方式。

07這套軟體是免費的嗎?

它分成兩個版本:Community Edition 免費且開放原始碼,Enterprise Edition 要訂閱付費。免費版涵蓋大部分日常功能,但官方文件提到,即時分析、企業級技術支援這類進階功能只有在付費版才有。一般學習、開發、小型專案用免費版就夠了。

08我只會 Windows,這套軟體在我的電腦上跑得起來嗎?

可以。官方支援 Windows 7 到 Windows 11 的 64 位元系統,也支援 macOS 和 Linux。安裝時要注意你的系統是 64 位元,硬碟空間和記憶體要看資料庫大小決定,官方文件說需求會依版本和資料量而不同。

09介面是中文的嗎?

不是。軟體本身的介面是英文,安裝過程和命令列操作都是英文。如果你對英文介面不熟悉,操作上會多一層障礙。不過圖形工具 MySQL Workbench 的介面也是英文,這點要先有心理準備。網路上有大量中文教學,可以邊看邊學。

10我只是想存一些個人資料,這套會不會太重?

如果你的需求是單機、單人、資料量不大,SQLite 這類輕量資料庫可能更適合。SQLite 不需要安裝伺服器、不需要設定帳號密碼,把資料庫存成一個檔案就能用。MySQL 需要背景服務持續執行,對純個人用途來說確實比較重,但如果你之後要學網站開發,遲早會用到它。

11我聽說微軟也有免費的 SQL Server Express,跟它比起來呢?

SQL Server Express 是微軟出的免費資料庫,介面是中文的,圖形工具 SSMS 也比較完整,對 Windows 使用者來說上手門檻較低。MySQL 的優勢是跨平台、開源、社群龐大,而且網路上教學資源非常多。兩套都是免費的,你可以先裝 MySQL 試試,不習慣再換 SQL Server Express。

12這套軟體是不是很久沒更新了?

不是。根據收錄的版本紀錄,它從 2011 年至今持續有新版釋出,最近一年內更新了 3 次,最近兩年內更新了 7 次,屬於持續維護中的軟體。開發商是 Oracle,背後有商業公司在維護,不用擔心專案突然停擺。

下載與官方連結

前往官方網站 下載 MySQL (64-bit)

mysql-5.5.37-winx64.msi · 35.34 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

版本紀錄

再看 5 筆

看完整版本清單

這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

Functionality Added or Changed:
- On Solaris, mysql_config --libs now includes -R/path/to/library so that libraries can be found at runtime. Bugs Fixed:
- InnoDB: A regression introduced by Bug #14329288 would result in a performance degradation when a compressed table does not fit into memory.
- InnoDB: The maximum value for innodb_thread_sleep_delay is now 1000000 microseconds. The previous maximum value (4294967295 microseconds on 32-bit and 18446744073709551615 microseconds on 64-bit) was unnecessarily large. Because the maximum value of innodb_thread_sleep_delay is limited by the value set for innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay (when set to a non-zero value), the maximum value for innodb_thread_sleep_delay is now the same as the maximum value for innodb_adaptive_max_sleep_delay.
- InnoDB: In debug builds, creating a unique index on a binary column, with input data containing duplicate keys, would cause an assertion.
- InnoDB: InnoDB would fail to start when innodb_data_file_path specified the data file size in kilobytes by appending K to the size value.
- InnoDB: An insert buffer merge would cause an assertion error due to incorrectly handled ownership information for externally stored BLOBs.
- InnoDB: Assertion failure in thread thread_num in file ibuf0ibuf.cc line 4080
- InnoDB: Failing assertion: rec_get_deleted_flag(rec, page_is_comp(page))
- InnoDB: Decreasing the auto_increment_increment value would have no affect on the next auto-increment value.
- Replication: The server did not handle correctly the insertion of a row larger than 4 GB when using row-based replication.
- Replication: When using row-based replication, an additional auto-increment column on the slave version of a table was not updated correctly; a zero was inserted instead.
- Replication: Statements involving the Performance Schema tables should not be written to the binary log, because the content of these tables is applicable only to a given MySQL Server instance, and may differ greatly between different servers in a replication topology. The database administrator should be able to configure (INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE) or flush (TRUNCATE TABLE) performance schema tables on a single server without affecting others. However, when replicating from a MySQL 5.5 master to a MySQL 5.5 or later slave, warnings about unsafe statements updating Performance Schema tables were elevated to errors. For MySQL 5.6 and later slaves, this prevented the simultaneous use of performance_schema and GTIDs (see Replication with Global Transaction Identifiers, in the MySQL 5.6 Manual).
- Compilation failed if MySQL was configured with CFLAGS set to include a -Werror option with an argument.
- A shared libmysqld embedded server library was not built on Linux.
- While printing the server version, the mysql client did not check for buffer overflow in a string variable.
- Contraction information in a collation could be mishandled, resulting in incorrect decisions about whether a character is part of a contraction, and miscalculation of contraction weights.
- DROP TRIGGER succeeded even with the read_only system variable enabled.
- Updating the Performance Schema setup_instruments table on a replication master caused a slave to exit.
- Due to a race condition, it was possible for two threads to end up with the same query ID for different queries.
- When run by root, mysqld --help --verbose exited with a nonzero error code after displaying the help message.
- MySQL client programs from a Community Edition distribution could not connect using SSL to a MySQL server from an Enterprise Edition. This was due to a difference in certificate handling by yaSSL and OpenSSL (used for Community and Enterprise, respectively). OpenSSL expected a blank certificate to be sent when not all of the --ssl-ca, --ssl-cert, and --ssl-key options were specified, and yaSSL did not do so. To resolve this, yaSSL has been modified to send a blank certificate when an option is missing.
- A deadlock error occurring during subquery execution could cause an assertion to be raised.
- The Performance Schema stage/sql/Waiting to get readlock instrument is no longer used and has been removed.
- For system variables that take a string value, SET statements permitted an unquoted value, but values that contained dots were parsed incorrectly and only part of the value was assigned. For example, SET GLOBAL slow_query_log_file = my_slow.log assigned the value my_slow. Now such values must be quoted or an error occurs.