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視障者用電腦卡關?NVDA 免費讀屏能做什麼

NVDA 軟體圖示 NVDA 2017.3 資料更新 2017-08-26 閱讀約 6 分鐘

視覺障礙者或重度視力衰退的人,坐在電腦前不是「看不到螢幕」這麼簡單——是滑鼠游標不知道在哪、視窗開了幾個搞不清楚、網頁讀到哪一段完全沒概念。明明文書、上網、收信都是日常需求,卻因為讀不到畫面,每一步都卡在「現在到底發生什麼事」。這種狀況下,需要的不是放大鏡,而是把螢幕上的文字變成聲音或點字,讓操作者用聽的、用摸的就知道系統狀態。

一般人直覺會想到「把字放大」或「請人幫忙唸」,但前者對全盲沒用,後者不可能隨時在旁邊。系統內建的朗讀功能往往只覆蓋特定程式,遇到網頁或 Office 就斷斷續續。這類工具的切入點,是直接攔截系統和應用程式送出的文字資訊,再用語音合成或點字顯示器輸出,讓使用者在沒有視覺輔助的狀態下,照樣能操作 Windows、瀏覽網頁、編輯文件。

NVDA 操作介面
NVDA 的操作介面

01NVDA 是什麼?裝了之後到底能做什麼?

NVDA 是一套免費、開源的螢幕閱讀器,安裝後會用合成語音讀出螢幕上的文字,也能搭配點字顯示器輸出。它讓視障者可以操作 Windows 桌面、瀏覽網頁、使用 Microsoft Office、記事本,以及 Outlook、Thunderbird 等郵件軟體。啟動方式是按下 Ctrl + Alt + N,之後用 Tab 和方向鍵就能在視窗和選單之間移動,系統會即時唸出焦點所在的位置。

02它能不能讀網頁?用鍵盤要怎麼瀏覽?

可以。NVDA 支援 Chrome、Firefox、Edge 等主流瀏覽器,開啟網頁後,用方向鍵上下移動就能逐行讀出文字,按 H 鍵跳到下一個標題,按 K 鍵跳到連結。不需要滑鼠,整頁內容都可以靠鍵盤讀完。遇到圖片或按鈕,它會唸出替代文字或「按鈕」之類的提示,讓你知道這個元素可以做什麼。

NVDA 介面畫面 2
NVDA 介面畫面

03可以接點字顯示器嗎?要怎麼設定?

可以。NVDA 支援多種可更新式點字顯示器,透過 USB 或藍牙連線,然後在 NVDA 的設定選單裡找到「點字」項目,選擇你的顯示器型號並調整相關參數。設定完成後,螢幕上的文字會即時轉成點字輸出,適合不想一直聽語音、或需要精確確認拼字的使用者。

04它一定要安裝才能用嗎?能不能帶著走?

不必安裝。NVDA 提供可攜版,可以把程式直接放到 USB 隨身碟裡,插到任何一台 Windows 電腦上就能執行,不需要在該台電腦上安裝軟體。這對需要在不同地方使用電腦的人很方便,例如在學校、圖書館或別人的電腦上,插入隨身碟啟動 NVDA 就能開始操作。

NVDA 介面畫面 3
NVDA 介面畫面

05它支援哪些 Windows 版本?對電腦硬體有要求嗎?

官方說明支援 Windows 7、8、10、11,32 位元和 64 位元都行。硬體需求是處理器 1 GHz 以上、建議 2 GB 記憶體、100 MB 可用磁碟空間,並需要音效輸出裝置來播放語音。點字顯示器是選配,沒有也可以只用語音。整體來說,一般文書用的電腦都跑得動。

06完全看不到的人適合用嗎?還是只有弱視的人能用?

全盲使用者是 NVDA 的主要對象,因為它完全靠語音和點字輸出,不需要任何視覺回饋。弱視的人也可以搭配螢幕放大鏡工具一起使用,NVDA 本身有與放大工具整合的能力,讓還有一點殘餘視力的人同時用聽的和看的來操作。兩種狀況都適用,差別在於怎麼搭配其他輔具。

NVDA 介面畫面 4
NVDA 介面畫面

07不想花錢買商業讀屏軟體的人,用 NVDA 夠嗎?

如果你的需求是讀網頁、用 Office、收發郵件、操作 Windows 基本功能,NVDA 都能勝任,而且完全免費。它更新頻繁,近兩年有多次版本釋出,代表持續在維護。但如果你需要的是商業軟體才有的進階功能,例如更細緻的語音品質或特定專業應用程式的深度整合,NVDA 可能就沒有那些東西。

08它的介面是英文的,不會英文的人能操作嗎?

官方介面語系是英文,但 NVDA 本身支援多種語言的語音輸出,也就是說,它可以用中文或其他語言朗讀螢幕內容。不過,設定選單、快速鍵說明這些操作介面是英文,對完全不懂英文的人來說,初始設定會比較吃力。建議找懂英文的人協助完成第一次設定,之後日常使用主要靠鍵盤指令,不太需要一直看選單。

09有些程式它讀不到,遇到這種情況怎麼辦?

官方說明指出,NVDA 支援大多數標準應用程式,但某些專有或客製化軟體可能功能有限。如果你常用的程式讀不到內容,可以先確認該程式是否有無障礙支援或替代方案,或者改用網頁版。NVDA 本身沒有辦法解決所有應用程式的相容問題,這部分需要自行測試或尋找其他輔助工具搭配。

10它的語音聽起來很機械,會不會影響長時間使用?

官方說明坦承,NVDA 的語音合成品質比商業付費方案粗糙,聽起來確實比較機械。對長時間聆聽的人來說,這可能造成疲勞,但很多人會透過調整語速、音調和詳細程度來改善。如果你對語音品質非常敏感,可以考慮安裝其他語音引擎,但這需要額外設定,而且效果因人而異。

11跟其他讀屏軟體比起來,NVDA 的評價如何?

在收錄的評分中,NVDA 有 168 人評分,平均 8.18 分(滿分 10 分)。這個分數不算低,但評分人數不算多,參考價值有限。跟它放在一起比較的 Foxit Reader、Adobe Digital Editions、ALLPlayer 都不是讀屏軟體,類別不同,無法直接對比。如果你在考慮付費讀屏,建議先試用 NVDA,確認基本需求能不能滿足,再決定要不要花錢。

下載與官方連結

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nvda_2017.3.exe · 20.23 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

版本紀錄

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

NEW FEATURES:
- A Braille setting has been added to "show messages indefinitely"
- In Microsoft Outlook message lists, NVDA now reports if a message is flagged
- In Microsoft PowerPoint, the exact type of a shape is now reported when editing a slide (such as triangle, circle, video or arrow), rather than just "shape"
- Mathematical content (provided as MathML) is now supported in Google Chrome
- NVDA can now speak using the new Windows OneCore voices (also known as Microsoft Mobile voices) included in Windows 10. You access these by selecting Windows OneCore voices in NVDA's Synthesizer dialog
- NVDA user configuration files can now be stored in the user's local application data folder. This is enabled via a setting in the registry. See "System Wide Parameters" in the User Guide for more details
- In web browsers, NVDA now reports placeholder values for fields (specifically, aria-placeholder is now supported)
- In Browse mode for Microsoft Word, it is now possible to navigate to spelling errors using quick navigation (w and shift+w)
- Added support for the Date picker control found in Microsoft Outlook Appointment dialogs
- The currently selected suggestion is now reported in Windows 10 Mail to/cc fields and the Windows 10 Settings search field
- A sound is now playd to indicate the appearance of suggestions in certain search fields in Windows 10 (E.g. start screen, settings search, Windows 10 mail to/cc fields)
- NVDA now automatically reports notifications in Skype for Business Desktop, such as when someone starts a conversation with you
- NVDA now automatically reports incoming chat messages while in a Skype for Business conversation
- NVDA now automatically reports notifications in Microsoft Edge, such as when a download starts
- You can now type in both contracted and uncontracted braille on a braille display with a braille keyboard. See the Braille Input section of the User Guide for details
- You can now enter Unicode braille characters from the braille keyboard on a braille display by selecting Unicode braille as the input table in Braille Settings
- Added support for the SuperBraille braille display used in Taiwan
- New braille translation tables: Danish 8 dot computer braille, Lithuanian, Persian 8 dot computer braille, Persian grade 1, Slovenian 8 dot computer braille
- Improved English (U.S.) 8 dot computer braille table, including support for bullets, the euro sign and accented letters
- NVDA can now use the OCR functionality included in Windows 10 to recognize the text of images or inaccessible applications. The language can be set from the new Windows 10 OCR dialog in NVDA Preferences. To recognize the content of the current navigator object, press NVDA+r. See the Content Recognition section of the User Guide for further details.
- You can now choose what context information is shown on a braille display when an object gets focus using the new "Focus context presentation" setting in the Braille Settings dialog. (#217). For example, the "Fill display for context changes" and "Only when scrolling back" options can make working with lists and menus more efficient, since the items won't continually change their position on the display. See the section on the "Focus context presentation" setting in the User Guide for further details and examples.
- In Firefox and Chrome, NVDA now supports complex dynamic grids such as spreadsheets where only some of the content might be loaded or displayed (specifically, the aria-rowcount, aria-colcount, aria-rowindex and aria-colindex attributes introduced in ARIA 1.1)

CHANGES:
- An unbound command has been added to restart NVDA on demand. You can find it in the Miscelaneous category of the Input Gestures dialog
- The keyboard layout can now be set from the NVDA Welcome dialog
- Many more control types and states have been abbreviated for braille. Landmarks have also been abbreviated. Please see "Control Type, State and Landmark Abbreviations" under Braille in the User Guide for a complete list.
- Updated eSpeak NG to 1.49.1
- The output and input table lists in the Braille Settings dialog are now sorted alphabetically
- Updated liblouis braille translator to 3.2.0
- The default braille table is now Unified English Braille Code grade 1
- By default, NVDA now only shows the parts of the context information that have changed on a braille display when an object gets focus
- Previously, it always showed as much context information as possible, regardless of whether you have seen the same context information before
- You can revert to the old behaviour by changing the new "Focus context presentation" setting in the Braille Settings dialog to "Always fill display"
- When using Braille, the cursor can be configured to be a different shape when tethered to focus or review
- The NVDA logo has been updated. The updated NVDA logo is a stylised blend of the letters NVDA in white, on a solid purple background. This ensures it will be visible on any colour background, and uses the purple from the NV Access logo

BUG FIXES:
- Editable div elements in Chrome no longer have their label reported as their value while in browse mode
- Pressing end while in browse mode for an empty Microsoft Word document no longer causes a runtime error
- Browse mode is now correctly supported in Microsoft Edge where a document has been given a specific ARIA role of document
- In browse mode, you can now select or unselect to the end of the line using shift+end even when the caret is on the last character of the line
- If a dialog contains a progress bar, the dialog text is now updated in braille when the progress bar changes. This means, for example, that the remaining time can now be read in NVDA's "Downloading Update" dialog
- NVDA will now announce selection changes for certain Windows 10 combo boxes such as AutoPlay in Settings
- Pointless information is no longer announced when entering Meeting / Appointment creation dialogs in Microsoft Outlook
- Beeps for indeterminate progress bar dialogs such as the update checker only when progress bar output is configured to include beeps
- In Microsoft Excel 2003 and 2007, cells are again reported when arrowing around a worksheet
- In Windows 10 Creators Update and later, browse mode is again automatically enabled when reading emails in Windows 10 Mail
- On most braille displays with a braille keyboard, dot 7 now erases the last entered braille cell or character, and dot 8 presses the enter key
- In editable text, when moving the caret (e.g. with the cursor keys or backspace), NVDA's spoken feedback is now more accurate in many cases, particularly in Chrome and terminal applications
- The content of the Signature Editor in Microsoft Outlook 2016 can now be read
- In Java Swing applications, NVDA no longer sometimes causes the application to crash when navigating tables
- In Windows 10 Creators Update, NVDA will no longer announce toast notifications multiple times
- In The start menu in Windows 10, pressing Enter to close the start menu after a search no longer causes NVDA to announce search text
- Performing quick navigation to headings in Microsoft Edge is now significantly faster
- In Microsoft Edge, navigating in browse mode no longer skips large parts of certain web pages such as the Wordpress 2015 theme
- In Microsoft Edge, landmarks are correctly localized in languages other than English
- Braille now correctly follows the selection when selecting text beyond the width of the display. For example, if you select multiple lines with shift+downArrow, braille now shows the last line you selected
- In Firefox, NVDA no longer spuriously reports "section" several times when opening details for a tweet on twitter.com
- Table navigation commands are no longer available for layout tables in Browse Mode unless reporting of layout tables is enabled
- In Firefox and Chrome, Browse Mode table navigation commands now skip over hidden table cells

CHANGES FOR DEVELOPERS:
- Timestamps in the log now include milliseconds
- NVDA must now be built with Visual Studio Community 2015. Visual Studio Express is no longer supported. (#7110). The Windows 10 Tools and SDK are now also required, which can be enabled when installing Visual Studio. See the Installed Dependencies section of the readme for additional details.
- Support for content recognizers such as OCR and image description tools can be easily implemented using the new contentRecog package
- The Python json package is now included in NVDA binary builds