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Qt Creator 適合誰?寫 Qt 程式一定要用它嗎

Qt Creator (64-bit) 軟體圖示 Qt Creator (64-bit) 4.12.0 (64-bit) 資料更新 2020-04-23 閱讀約 5 分鐘

寫 C++ 或 Qt 程式的人,常常卡在一個問題:程式碼寫好了,卻不知道怎麼把介面拉出來、怎麼除錯、怎麼管理一堆檔案。尤其是 Qt 專案,光是設定編譯環境、處理 .pro 或 CMakeLists.txt,就夠讓人頭痛。你只是想趕快把視窗程式跑起來,結果大半時間都在跟工具奮鬥。

一般人會想說,用記事本或陽春編輯器寫一寫,再開命令列編譯就好。但 Qt 專案牽涉到 UI 設計、訊號槽、資源檔,沒有視覺化工具,光是排版和找 bug 就會耗掉大量時間。這類 IDE 的切入點,就是把編輯、建置、除錯、介面設計整合在同一個畫面,讓開發者專心寫邏輯,而不是忙著切換工具。

01Qt Creator 到底能拿來做什麼?

它是一套專門開發 Qt 應用程式的整合開發環境,涵蓋程式碼編輯、除錯、版本控制、UI 設計。支援 Windows、Linux、macOS 和嵌入式平台,也能拿來寫一般 C++ 專案。內建專案精靈,可以快速建立 Qt Widgets 或 Qt Quick 應用程式,從寫程式、設計介面、編譯到部署都在同一個工具裡完成。

02它能不能拿來寫不是 Qt 的 C++ 程式?

可以。官方說明明確指出,即使不是 Qt 專案,也能把它當作一般 C++ IDE 使用。它具備語法標示、自動完成、重構工具和智慧縮排,這些功能對純 C++ 開發同樣適用。不過它的強項還是 Qt 整合,如果只寫純 C++,市面上有更多輕量選擇。

03它支援哪些建置系統?

支援 CMake、QMake 和 Meson 三種。CMake 是現代 C++ 專案的主流選擇,官方說完全支援;QMake 是 Qt 傳統的建置工具;Meson 則適合需要高效能建置的專案。安裝時可以依需求選擇,設定好編譯器和除錯器就能開始。

04除錯功能怎麼用?

內建整合式除錯器,支援 GDB、LLDB 和 Microsoft Debugger。可以直接在 IDE 裡設中斷點、逐步執行、查看變數值,不用另外開命令列工具。對 C++ 應用程式來說,這套除錯流程是完整的,從啟動到追蹤問題都在同一個介面完成。

05能不能拿來寫 Python?

可以,它支援 Python 搭配 PyQt 和 PySide,但官方也說 C++ 才是主要語言。如果你主要寫 Python,用 PyQt 或 PySide 開發 Qt 應用程式時,它可以用來編輯和除錯,但生態系和輔助功能不如專門的 Python IDE 完整。

06剛開始學 Qt 的人適合用嗎?

官方說法很直接:它功能豐富,但初學者可能覺得複雜,比 Eclipse 或 Visual Studio Code 難上手。如果你完全沒碰過 IDE,建議先從簡單的編輯器搭配命令列編譯開始,熟悉 Qt 基本概念後再回來用這套,會比較不容易挫折。

07做嵌入式開發的人適合嗎?

適合。官方明確提到支援嵌入式平台,包含 Raspberry Pi 和 MCU,可以除錯和部署應用程式到這些裝置上。如果你開發的目標是嵌入式系統,這套工具能涵蓋從程式碼撰寫到部署的流程,不需要另外找其他工具鏈。

08介面只有英文,看不懂怎麼辦?

這套軟體的介面語系只有英文,沒有官方中文介面。如果你對英文介面不熟悉,操作上會需要一些時間適應。可以考慮先看官方教學文件或影片,熟悉選單和按鈕的位置,或者搭配翻譯工具輔助。這點在安裝前就要有心理準備。

09它跟 NetBeans 比起來,哪個比較多人用?

以評分人數來看,NetBeans 有 702 人評分,Qt Creator 只有 109 人,樣本數差很多。這不代表好壞,但可以推測 NetBeans 的使用者基數較大。如果你在意社群規模和資源豐富度,NetBeans 可能比較有優勢;如果你專注 Qt 開發,Qt Creator 的整合度還是比較高。

10免費版會不會缺功能?

這套軟體本身是開源且免費的,但 Qt 框架有免費和商業授權兩種模式。官方說明提到,免費版本缺少部分商業功能,第三方外掛生態系也比 Visual Studio 少。如果你需要商業授權的進階功能,就要另外付費,這部分要依你的專案需求自行評估。

11電腦規格不夠跑得動嗎?

官方列出的系統需求是 Windows 10/11 64 位元、4GB RAM(建議 8GB)、2GB 磁碟空間、顯示卡要支援 OpenGL 2.0。如果你的電腦低於這些規格,跑起來可能會卡,尤其是 Qt Quick 應用程式需要 OpenGL 支援。安裝前先確認硬體,免得裝了跑不動。

12它跟 Visual Studio 比,差在哪裡?

官方資料提到,Qt Creator 的第三方外掛生態系比 Visual Studio 少,商業授權也比較貴。Visual Studio 是通用 C++ IDE,除錯工具很強,但沒有內建 Qt 的 UI 設計工具。如果你主要做 Qt 開發,Qt Creator 的整合度較高;如果你需要大量外掛或微軟生態系整合,Visual Studio 可能更合適。

下載與官方連結

前往官方網站 下載 Qt Creator (64-bit)

qt-creator-opensource-windows-x86_64-4.12.0.exe · 293 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

General:
- Added `Restart Now` option when changing settings that require restart
- Added option for linking Qt Creator to a Qt installation, sharing auto-detected Qt versions and kits
- Added guard against crashing plugins at startup, providing the option to temporarily disable the offending plugin
- Added locator filter for searching in Qt Project bug tracker
- Added option to create custom URL template locator filters
- Added browser for Marketplace items to Welcome mode
- Fixed various theming issues

Help:
- Added tool button for changing target for context help
- Added option to register documentation only for highest Qt version, and made that default

Editing:
- Added `Go to Last Edit`
- Added option for default line terminator style
- Fixed that wizards ignored default file encoding
- Fixed that only restricted number of sizes were allowed for font size
- Fixed completion after undo

Language Client:
- Added support for Markdown in tooltips
- Added support for auto-formatting
- Added outline dropdown
- Improved protocol error reporting
- Fixed `Ctrl-click` for `Follow Symbol Under Cursor`

QML:
- Improved support for multiple imports into same namespace
- Added scanning of `app.qmltypes` and `lib.qmltypes` for type information

Python:
- Added wizards for Qt Quick Application and Qt Widgets Application with `.ui` file

Diff Viewer:
- Added support for staging only selected lines

Projects:
- Added option to hide "disabled" files in Projects tree
- Added option to filter output panes for lines that do not match expression
- Added option for default build configuration settings (debug information, QML debugging, Qt Quick Compiler)
- Added option to only build target for active run configuration (qmake & Qbs)
- Added option to only stop the target of active run configuration on build
- Added option for project specific environment
- Added option to remove items from `Recent Projects` list in Welcome mode
- Added option to start run configurations directly from target selector
- Added option to build project for all configured kits
- Added `-ensure-kit-for-binary` command line option that creates a kit for a binary's architecture if needed
- Added GitHub build workflow to `Qt Creator Plugin` wizard template
- Improved UI responsiveness while parsing projects
- Fixed build directory after cloning target
- Fixed copying of filtered text from output pane

QMake:
- Improved renaming of files
- Fixed handling of `object_parallel_to_source`
- Fixed crash with circular includes

CMake:
- Improved handling of `source_group`
- Added support for `Add build library search path to LD_LIBRARY_PATH`
- Added automatic registration of CMake documentation, if available
- Fixed issues with `snap` on Ubuntu Linux
- Fixed handling of `Enable QML` in debugger settings
- Fixed unneeded reparsing of files

Qbs:
- Changed to use separate Qbs executable instead of direcly linking to Qbs
- Added option for default install root

Python:
- Added option to disable buffered output
- Generi:c
- Improved performance for large file trees
- Fixed that only first line of `.cflags` and `.cxxflags` was considered

Compilation Database:
- Fixed that project was reparsed if compilation database contents did not change

Nim:
- Added support for Nimble build system
- Added support for `Follow Symbol Under Cursor`

Debugging:
- Added option to hide columns from views
- Added option for `init` and `reset` GDB commands when attaching to remote server
- Fixed pretty printer for `std::optional`

Analyzer:
Clang:
- Improved filtering
- Added context menu item that opens help on diagnostics

CppCheck:
- Added option to trigger Cppcheck manually

Chrome Traces:
- Added more details for counter items
- Added option to restrict view to selected threads
- Added information about percentage of total time for events

Heob:
- Added support for settings profiles

Qt Quick Designer:
- Added locking and pinning of animation curves
- Added support for annotations
- Fixed dragging of keyframes in curve editor

Version Control Systems:
Git:
- Added option to create branch when trying to push to a non-existing branch
- Added option to start interactive rebase from log view
- Added information about upstream status to `Git Branches` view
- Added option to `grep` and `pickaxe` git log
- Made references in VCS output view clickable

Test Integration:
- Added support for colored test output

Google Test:
- Added support for internal logging