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想認識星空卻不知從何開始?Stellarium 能做什麼

Stellarium (64-bit) 軟體圖示 Stellarium (64-bit) 0.15.1 (64-bit) 資料更新 2016-12-25 閱讀約 5 分鐘

晚上抬頭看到滿天星星,想認出幾個星座,卻發現手機上的觀星App畫面太小、操作不順手,手指一滑就不知道看到哪裡去了。你只是想安靜地知道「那顆亮星叫什麼」,結果在小小的螢幕上點來點去,越看越糊塗,最後還是放棄。

一般人習慣先用手機App應急,但螢幕小、耗電快,而且很多功能要連網才能用。真正想好好認識星空,需要的是一個能在電腦上慢慢看、隨意放大縮小、還能設定時間地點的工具。這類星象模擬軟體的切入點,是把整個天空變成可以自由探索的地圖,讓你在出門觀星前,先在螢幕上搞清楚自己要找什麼。

01Stellarium 到底能拿來做什麼?

它是一套免費的開源星象模擬軟體,安裝後可以在電腦上顯示你所在位置當下的星空。內建超過六十萬顆恆星和深空天體資料,可以顯示星座連線、名稱,也能模擬不同文化的神話星圖。主要用途是認識星空、規劃觀星行程,以及當作天文教學的輔助工具。

02能不能用它看特定日期的天空?

可以。軟體有時間軸功能,你可以把日期和時間調到任何過去或未來的時刻,它會模擬當時的星空狀況。例如你想知道下個月某天凌晨四點,木星會出現在哪個方位,直接設定時間就能看到。這對規劃觀星或拍攝天文照片很有幫助。

03它能不能控制望遠鏡?

可以,但需要安裝額外的外掛程式。軟體本身支援透過第三方外掛連接望遠鏡,進行自動追蹤。不過這需要你的望遠鏡型號有對應的驅動程式,而且設定過程不算簡單,建議先確認自己的設備是否相容,再花時間研究外掛的安裝方式。

04這套軟體需要連網才能用嗎?

安裝完成後可以完全離線使用,星空模擬、搜尋天體、時間調整這些功能都不需要網路。只有下載額外的資料庫或更新時才需要連線。如果你打算在戶外沒有網路的地方使用,這點很方便。

05我想找某顆星或某個星座,要怎麼操作?

軟體有搜尋功能,輸入天體名稱或編號,畫面就會自動移動到目標位置並標示出來。例如輸入「M31」就會帶你到仙女座星系,輸入「Mars」就會顯示火星目前的位置。這比在真實天空中用肉眼找快很多,也是它作為觀星規劃工具的主要用法。

06完全不懂天文的人,用這套軟體會太難嗎?

介面是英文的,但基本操作不算複雜:滑鼠拖曳看天空、滾輪縮放、點擊天體看資訊。第一次打開可能會覺得按鈕很多,不過只要會用搜尋和時間軸,就能開始探索。如果你完全沒有天文基礎,建議先從開啟星座連線和名稱標籤開始,慢慢對照天空。

07學生或老師拿它來教學,夠用嗎?

軟體有教育用途的設計,可以顯示赤道座標網格、方位角、地平線等輔助線,也能調整大氣狀態和光害程度。這些功能對課堂上解釋天體運動、星座位置很有幫助。另外它支援腳本自動化,可以寫簡單的腳本讓模擬流程自動跑,方便示範。

08業餘天文愛好者會覺得它不夠專業嗎?

以免費軟體來說,它的星體資料量算相當充足,超過六十萬顆恆星和深空天體,還可另外下載更詳細的資料庫。加上望遠鏡控制外掛和時間模擬功能,很多天文社團會用它來規劃觀測行程。不過如果你需要非常專業的數據分析或攝影輔助,可能還需要搭配其他工具。

09我的電腦比較舊,跑得動嗎?

官方列出的基本需求是雙核心處理器、2GB記憶體、支援OpenGL 3.3的顯示卡、1GB硬碟空間。如果你的電腦是近十年的文書機,通常可以順暢執行。但要注意,顯示卡太舊或沒有獨立顯卡,畫面可能會卡頓,尤其是放大到高倍率的時候。

10介面只有英文,看不懂怎麼辦?

軟體目前沒有官方中文介面,這對不熟悉英文的使用者確實是個門檻。不過常用的功能按鈕不多,搜尋、時間軸、設定這些位置記住之後,影響不大。如果你完全無法接受英文介面,可以考慮找看看有沒有社群製作的中文化檔案,但這需要自行搜尋和確認。

11手機上也有類似的觀星App,跟這套有什麼差別?

手機App的優勢是方便攜帶,舉起手機就能對準天空辨識星星。但螢幕小、操作精細度有限,而且很多功能需要付費或連網。Stellarium 在電腦上操作空間大,資料量也較完整,適合在家慢慢研究。手機版有付費的進階版本,但功能與電腦版不盡相同,需要自行比較。

下載與官方連結

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stellarium-0.15.1-win64.exe · 165.7 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

New exciting features:
- The Digital Sky Survey (DSS) can be shown (requires online connection)
- AstroCalc is now available from the main menu and gives interesting new computational insight
- Stellarium can act as Spout sender (important for multimedia environments; Windows only)
- wait() and waitFor() in the Scripting Engine no longer inhibits performance of moves
- DE430/431 DeltaT may be OK now. We still want to test a bit more, though
- ArchaeoLines also offers two arbitrary declination lines
- Added support of time zones dependent by location
- Added new skyculture: Sardinian
- Added updates and improvements in catalogs
- Added improvements in the GUI
- Added cross identification data for star

Changelog:

List of changes:
- Added code which allows to display full-sky multi-resolution remote images projected using the TOAST format
- Added new option to Oculars plugin: enabling automatic install the type of mount from the telescope settings for saving horizontal orientation of CCD frame
- Added new option stars/flag_forced_twinkle=(false|true) for planetariums to enable a twinkling of stars without atmosphere
- Added calculations of conjunction between major planets and deep-sky objects (AstroCalc)
- Added calculations of occultations between major planets and DSO/SSO (AstroCalc)
- Added option to toggle visibility of designations of exoplanets (esp. for exoplanetary systems)
- Added support of time zones dependent by location
- Added option in GUI to edit colours of the markings
- Added a special case for educational purpose to drawing orbits for the Solar System Observer
- Added the new config option in the sky cultures for management of boundaries of constellations
- Added support synonyms of star names (2nd edition of the sky cultures)
- Added support reference data for star names (2nd edition of the sky cultures)
- Added support synonyms of DSO names (2nd edition of the sky cultures)
- Added support native names of DSO (2nd edition of the sky cultures)
- Added support reference data for native DSO names (2nd edition of the sky cultures)
- Added support Spout under Windows (Stellarium is Spout Sender now)
- Added a few trojans and quasi-satellites in ssystem.ini file
- Added a virtual planet 'Earth Observer' for educational purposes (illustration for the Moon phases)
- Added orbit lines for some asteroids and comets
- Added config option to switch between styles of color of orbits
- Added support of separate colors for orbits
- Added function and shortcut for quick reversing direction of time
- Added custom objects to avoid of getting of empty space for Search Tool (SIMBAD mode) and to adding custom markers on the sky
- Added tool to management of visibility for grids/lines in Oculars plugin
- Added the hiding of supernova remnants before their birth
- Added markers for various poles and zenith/nadir
- Added markers for equinoxes
- Added supergalactic coordinate system
- Added code for management of SkyPoints in Oculars plugin
- Added notes to the Help window
- Added commands and shortcuts for quick move to celestial poles
- Added textures for deep-sky objects
- Added Millions of light years distance to infostring for galaxies
- Added 2 custom declination lines to ArchaeoLines plugin
- Added dialog with options to adjust of colors of markers of deep-sky objects
- Added new options to infobox
- Added calculating and displaying the Moon phases
- Added allow for proper stopping of time dragging
- Added time scrolling
- Added Scottish Gaelic (gd) translations for landscapes and sceneries.
- Added usage the Qt 5 JSON parser instead of the hand-made one we used so far
- Added synonyms for DSO
- Added names consistency for DSO
- Added support operational statuses for few classes of artificial satellites
- Added special zoom level for Telrad to avoid undefined behaviour of zooming
- Added new icons for Bookmarks and AstroCalc tools
- Added missing Bayer designation of 4 Aurigae
- Added calculations of conjunctions/occultations between planets and bright stars (AstroCalc tool)
- Added 'Altitude vs Time' feature for AstroCalc tool
- Added location identification which adds canonical IAU 3-letter code to infostring and PointerCoordinates plugin
- Added elongation and phase angle to Comet and MinorPlanet infostrings
- Added cross identification data for stars from Bright Star Catalogue, 5th Revised Ed. (Hoffleit+, 1991)
- Added AstroCalc icon
- Added new scriptable methods to CustomObjectMgr class
- Added Sardinian sky culture
- Allow changes of milky way and zodiacal light brightness via GUI while stars switched off
- Fixed visual issue for AstroCalc tool
- Fixed incorrectly escaping of translated strings for some languages in Remote Control plugin
- Fixed disappearing of star labels when the 'Navigational Stars' plugin is loaded and not activated
- Fixed offset issue for image sensor frame in Oculars plugin
- Fixed crash when labels and markers box in sky and Viewing Options tab is ticked
- Fixed spherical distortion with night mode
- Fixed behaviour of buttons on Oculars on-screen control panel
- Fixed misalignment of Veil nebula image
- Fixed build of planetarium without scripting support (Thanks to Alexey Dokuchaev for the bug report)
- Fixed coordinates of the open cluster Melotte 227
- Fixed typos in Kamilorai skyculture
- Fixed cmake typos for scenery3d model (Thanks to Alexey Dokuchaev for the bug report)
- Fixed crash when turning off custom GRS if GRS Details dialogue has not been opened before
- Fixed small issue rounding for JD for DeltaT tooltip on bottom bar
- Fixed rendering orbits of artificial satellites during changing of location through spaceship feature
- Fixed hiding the Moon during a total solar eclipse when option 'limit magnitude' for Solar system objects is enabled
- Fixed small bug for updating catalog in the Bright Novae plugin
- Fixed displaying date and time in AstroCalc Tool
- Fixed a typographical error in coefficient for precession expressions by Vodnark et. al.
- Fixed crash on exit in the debug mode in StelTexture module
- Fixed crash in the debug mode
- Fixed coverity issues
- Fixed obvious typos
- Fixed issue for wrong calculation of exit pupil for binoculars in Oculars plugin
- Fixed issue for Arabic translation
- Fixed packaging on OS X for Qt 5.6.2+
- Fixed calculations of the value of the Moon secular acceleration when JPL DE43x ephemeris is used
- Fixed distances for objects of Caldwell catalogue
- Fixed calculations for transit phenomena
- Fixed missing translations in Remote Control plug-in
- Fixed displaying of localized projection name in Remote Control
- Fixed search localized names of artificial satellites
- Fixed showing translated names of artificial satellite
- Fixed GUI Problem in Satellites plug-in
- Fixed moon size infostring
- Fixed AstroCalc lists transits as occulations
- Fixed resetting of DSO Limit Magnitude by Image Sensor Frame
- Fixed Nova Puppis 1942 coordinates
- Fixed error in light curve model of historical supernovae
- Fixed width of search dialog for Meteor Showers plugin
- Fixed shortcut for "Remove selection of constellations" action
- Fixed retranslation name and type of meteor showers in Meteor Showers when language of application is changed
- Fixed wrong tooltip info
- Fixed Mercury's magnitude formula
- Fixed cross-id error for alpha2 Cen
- Fixed core.moveToAltAzi(90,XX) issue
- Fixed view centered on zenith (restart after save) issue
- Updated DSO Catalog: Added support full of UGC catalog
- Updated DSO Catalog: Added galaxies from PGC2003 catalog (mag <=15)
- Updated DSO Catalog: Removed errors and duplicates
- Updated stars catalogues
- Updated stars names
- Updated settings for AstroCalc
- Updated Satellites plugin
- Updated Scenery3d plugin
- Updated Stellarium User Guide
- Updated support for High DPI monitors
- Updated list of star names for Western sky culture
- Updated Search Tool
- Updated default catalogues for plugins
- Updated list of locations (2nd version of format - TZ support)
- Updated pulsars catalog & util
- Updated Scripting Engine
- Updated rules for visibility of exoplanets labels
- Updated shortcuts
- Updated info for the landscape actions
- Updated Bengali translation of Sardinian skyculture
- Correctly apply constellation fade duration
- Expanded behaviour of for isolated constellations selection (only for skycultures with IAU generic boundaries)
- Ensure stable up vector for lookZenith, lookEast etc
- Verification the star names by the official IAU star names list
- Minor improvement in ini file writing
- Set usage Bortle index only after year 1825
- Re-implement wait() and waitFor() scripting functions to avoid large delays in main thread
- Restored broken feature (hidding markers for selected planets)
- Removed color profiles from PNG files
- Removed the flips of the CCD frame because it works incorrect and he introduced new one bug
- Removed the useless misspelled names from list of stars
- Removed the Time Zone plug-in
- Removed useless translations in ArchaeoLines plug-in