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想認識星空卻不知從何開始?Stellarium 能做什麼

Stellarium (64-bit) 軟體圖示 Stellarium (64-bit) 0.19.2 (64-bit) 資料更新 2019-09-29 閱讀約 5 分鐘

晚上抬頭看到滿天星星,想認出幾個星座,卻發現手機上的觀星App畫面太小、操作不順手,手指一滑就不知道看到哪裡去了。你只是想安靜地知道「那顆亮星叫什麼」,結果在小小的螢幕上點來點去,越看越糊塗,最後還是放棄。

一般人習慣先用手機App應急,但螢幕小、耗電快,而且很多功能要連網才能用。真正想好好認識星空,需要的是一個能在電腦上慢慢看、隨意放大縮小、還能設定時間地點的工具。這類星象模擬軟體的切入點,是把整個天空變成可以自由探索的地圖,讓你在出門觀星前,先在螢幕上搞清楚自己要找什麼。

01Stellarium 到底能拿來做什麼?

它是一套免費的開源星象模擬軟體,安裝後可以在電腦上顯示你所在位置當下的星空。內建超過六十萬顆恆星和深空天體資料,可以顯示星座連線、名稱,也能模擬不同文化的神話星圖。主要用途是認識星空、規劃觀星行程,以及當作天文教學的輔助工具。

02能不能用它看特定日期的天空?

可以。軟體有時間軸功能,你可以把日期和時間調到任何過去或未來的時刻,它會模擬當時的星空狀況。例如你想知道下個月某天凌晨四點,木星會出現在哪個方位,直接設定時間就能看到。這對規劃觀星或拍攝天文照片很有幫助。

03它能不能控制望遠鏡?

可以,但需要安裝額外的外掛程式。軟體本身支援透過第三方外掛連接望遠鏡,進行自動追蹤。不過這需要你的望遠鏡型號有對應的驅動程式,而且設定過程不算簡單,建議先確認自己的設備是否相容,再花時間研究外掛的安裝方式。

04這套軟體需要連網才能用嗎?

安裝完成後可以完全離線使用,星空模擬、搜尋天體、時間調整這些功能都不需要網路。只有下載額外的資料庫或更新時才需要連線。如果你打算在戶外沒有網路的地方使用,這點很方便。

05我想找某顆星或某個星座,要怎麼操作?

軟體有搜尋功能,輸入天體名稱或編號,畫面就會自動移動到目標位置並標示出來。例如輸入「M31」就會帶你到仙女座星系,輸入「Mars」就會顯示火星目前的位置。這比在真實天空中用肉眼找快很多,也是它作為觀星規劃工具的主要用法。

06完全不懂天文的人,用這套軟體會太難嗎?

介面是英文的,但基本操作不算複雜:滑鼠拖曳看天空、滾輪縮放、點擊天體看資訊。第一次打開可能會覺得按鈕很多,不過只要會用搜尋和時間軸,就能開始探索。如果你完全沒有天文基礎,建議先從開啟星座連線和名稱標籤開始,慢慢對照天空。

07學生或老師拿它來教學,夠用嗎?

軟體有教育用途的設計,可以顯示赤道座標網格、方位角、地平線等輔助線,也能調整大氣狀態和光害程度。這些功能對課堂上解釋天體運動、星座位置很有幫助。另外它支援腳本自動化,可以寫簡單的腳本讓模擬流程自動跑,方便示範。

08業餘天文愛好者會覺得它不夠專業嗎?

以免費軟體來說,它的星體資料量算相當充足,超過六十萬顆恆星和深空天體,還可另外下載更詳細的資料庫。加上望遠鏡控制外掛和時間模擬功能,很多天文社團會用它來規劃觀測行程。不過如果你需要非常專業的數據分析或攝影輔助,可能還需要搭配其他工具。

09我的電腦比較舊,跑得動嗎?

官方列出的基本需求是雙核心處理器、2GB記憶體、支援OpenGL 3.3的顯示卡、1GB硬碟空間。如果你的電腦是近十年的文書機,通常可以順暢執行。但要注意,顯示卡太舊或沒有獨立顯卡,畫面可能會卡頓,尤其是放大到高倍率的時候。

10介面只有英文,看不懂怎麼辦?

軟體目前沒有官方中文介面,這對不熟悉英文的使用者確實是個門檻。不過常用的功能按鈕不多,搜尋、時間軸、設定這些位置記住之後,影響不大。如果你完全無法接受英文介面,可以考慮找看看有沒有社群製作的中文化檔案,但這需要自行搜尋和確認。

11手機上也有類似的觀星App,跟這套有什麼差別?

手機App的優勢是方便攜帶,舉起手機就能對準天空辨識星星。但螢幕小、操作精細度有限,而且很多功能需要付費或連網。Stellarium 在電腦上操作空間大,資料量也較完整,適合在家慢慢研究。手機版有付費的進階版本,但功能與電腦版不盡相同,需要自行比較。

下載與官方連結

前往官方網站 下載 Stellarium (64-bit)

stellarium-0.19.2-win64.exe · 247.57 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

- Added support DMS and DD formats for parallactic angle feature
- Added altitude limitation filter for AstroCalc/Graphs[AltVsTime/ME] tools
- Added visual improvements for AstroCalc/Graphs tool
- Added new time intervals for AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool
- Added computation of ephemeris for all naked-eye visible planets into AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool
- Added GUI for select the color of ephemeris markers into AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool
- Added 2 new scripts (Saturnian and uranian analemmas)
- Added 'k Pup' designation to star HIP 37229
- Added information about progress of loading on splash screen
- Added a new skylore for Stellarium: Anutan
- Added support catalog "Southern Stars embedded in nebulosity" (Van den Bergh and Herbst, 1975 - VdBH)
- Added support "Catalogue and distances of optically visible H II regions" (Dickel+, 1969 - DWB)
- Added distances for few LDN objects
- Added support removing shortcuts through config.ini file
- Added extraInfoString to StelObject: Allows extra info injected by plugins or scripts
- Added display of Apex/Antapex points
- Added "observers" for all planets with moons
- Added IAU constellation abbreviation to object info
- Added 3 new actions
- Added settings for Script Console
- Added Vanuatu (Netwar) skyculture
- Added few asterisms
- Added new one time step into AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool
- Added few new DSO textures
- Added support Vec3d into scripting engine
- Added a Messier Marathon script
- Added support for short weekday display modes in bottom toolbar
- Added GUI option to toggle permanent orbit drawing
- Added hyperbolic comet C/2019 Q4 (Borisov) [2I/Borisov] into default ssystem_minor.ini file
- Added a scripting function for refraction
- Fixed coloring text issue when formatting output is on
- Fixed saving properties for external software/remote computer in Telescope Control plugin
- Fixed behaviour of selected ephemeris marker when sorting not for date (AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool)
- Fixed sorting date and time columns for AstroCalc/Ephemeris and AstroCalc/Phenomena tools
- Fixed crash on destruction of static QWidget
- Fixed small difference of values issue for different time zones for Date and Time column in AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool
- Fixed stupid conversion bug in hmsToRad function
- Fixed an asymmetry w.r.t. to the ecliptic latitudes (Moon age)
- Fixed Search Tool/Lists behaviour for VdBH catalog
- Fixed distances for few DSO
- Fixed Gregorian date issue for AstroCalc
- Fixed support GPS on macOS
- Fixed coefficient for the duration of mean tropical year
- Fixed issue for images in description for landscapes: set search directory
- Fixed tooltip behaviour for Date and Time dialog
- Fixed star name to its source spelling
- Fixed compiling with GPSD 3.19 [API 8.0]
- Fixed encoding script files in Script Console
- Fixed drawing names of asterisms
- Fixed aFOV display in Oculars plugin
- Fixed visual issue in Script Console (white background) with Qt 5.13
- Fixed links for scripting docs (SUG)
- Fixed screen flashing during solar eclipse
- Fixed core.resetOutput(); method behaviour
- Fixed AltGr behaviour for some languages on Windows
- Fixed clipping issue for LabelMgr.labelObject
- Fixed weekday computation
- Fixed rendering planets orbits
- Fixed error in shape of asterism Red-Necked Emu
- Fixed proper removing of default secondary shortcut
- Fixed cross-id error in DSO catalog
- Updated appdata.xml file
- Updated outdated code for names of days and months
- Updated Observability plugin
- Updated list of proper names of stars (IAU approved list)
- Updated Moon age calculation: let's use geocentric coordinates only for compute of the Moon age
- Updated AstroCalc/PC tool: simplification and colorification for graphs
- Updated AstroCalc/Phenomena tool: small speed-up
- Updated the default color space: StelToneReproducer now use sRGB as target RGB color space
- Updated GUI for Satellites plugin
- Updated common names for DSO
- Updated common names for stars
- Updated packaging for macOS: Let's use macdeployqt for creating a MacOS bundles
- Updated nomenclature support: Let's use compressed nomenclature data to reduce an installation package
- Updated translations
- Updated planetary nomenclature
- Updated Sardinian skyculture
- Updated file handling in Script Console
- Updated HDPI features: enabled scaling fonts on High DPI monitors
- Updated default shortcuts: changed default shortcut for copying selected object information (Ctrl+C -> Ctrl+Shift+C) to allow use Ctrl+C shortcut for text edit fields for whole planetarium
- Updated getInfoMap method [scripting engine]: enhanced the getInfoMap method for the Sun
- Updated Chinese (Simplified) and Russian translations for Windows installer
- Updated Bookmarks tool
- Updated default exoplanets and pulsars catalogs
- Updated behaviour on Windows: disable HiDPI scaling in manifest
- Updated Oculars plugin: improve RA/Dec output for CCD frame
- Code refactoring: type checking/casting clarifications
- Removed FOV plugin (the feature was moved into core of planetarium)