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想認識星空卻不知從何開始?Stellarium 能做什麼

Stellarium (64-bit) 軟體圖示 Stellarium (64-bit) 0.20.3 (64-bit) 資料更新 2020-09-27 閱讀約 5 分鐘

晚上抬頭看到滿天星星,想認出幾個星座,卻發現手機上的觀星App畫面太小、操作不順手,手指一滑就不知道看到哪裡去了。你只是想安靜地知道「那顆亮星叫什麼」,結果在小小的螢幕上點來點去,越看越糊塗,最後還是放棄。

一般人習慣先用手機App應急,但螢幕小、耗電快,而且很多功能要連網才能用。真正想好好認識星空,需要的是一個能在電腦上慢慢看、隨意放大縮小、還能設定時間地點的工具。這類星象模擬軟體的切入點,是把整個天空變成可以自由探索的地圖,讓你在出門觀星前,先在螢幕上搞清楚自己要找什麼。

01Stellarium 到底能拿來做什麼?

它是一套免費的開源星象模擬軟體,安裝後可以在電腦上顯示你所在位置當下的星空。內建超過六十萬顆恆星和深空天體資料,可以顯示星座連線、名稱,也能模擬不同文化的神話星圖。主要用途是認識星空、規劃觀星行程,以及當作天文教學的輔助工具。

02能不能用它看特定日期的天空?

可以。軟體有時間軸功能,你可以把日期和時間調到任何過去或未來的時刻,它會模擬當時的星空狀況。例如你想知道下個月某天凌晨四點,木星會出現在哪個方位,直接設定時間就能看到。這對規劃觀星或拍攝天文照片很有幫助。

03它能不能控制望遠鏡?

可以,但需要安裝額外的外掛程式。軟體本身支援透過第三方外掛連接望遠鏡,進行自動追蹤。不過這需要你的望遠鏡型號有對應的驅動程式,而且設定過程不算簡單,建議先確認自己的設備是否相容,再花時間研究外掛的安裝方式。

04這套軟體需要連網才能用嗎?

安裝完成後可以完全離線使用,星空模擬、搜尋天體、時間調整這些功能都不需要網路。只有下載額外的資料庫或更新時才需要連線。如果你打算在戶外沒有網路的地方使用,這點很方便。

05我想找某顆星或某個星座,要怎麼操作?

軟體有搜尋功能,輸入天體名稱或編號,畫面就會自動移動到目標位置並標示出來。例如輸入「M31」就會帶你到仙女座星系,輸入「Mars」就會顯示火星目前的位置。這比在真實天空中用肉眼找快很多,也是它作為觀星規劃工具的主要用法。

06完全不懂天文的人,用這套軟體會太難嗎?

介面是英文的,但基本操作不算複雜:滑鼠拖曳看天空、滾輪縮放、點擊天體看資訊。第一次打開可能會覺得按鈕很多,不過只要會用搜尋和時間軸,就能開始探索。如果你完全沒有天文基礎,建議先從開啟星座連線和名稱標籤開始,慢慢對照天空。

07學生或老師拿它來教學,夠用嗎?

軟體有教育用途的設計,可以顯示赤道座標網格、方位角、地平線等輔助線,也能調整大氣狀態和光害程度。這些功能對課堂上解釋天體運動、星座位置很有幫助。另外它支援腳本自動化,可以寫簡單的腳本讓模擬流程自動跑,方便示範。

08業餘天文愛好者會覺得它不夠專業嗎?

以免費軟體來說,它的星體資料量算相當充足,超過六十萬顆恆星和深空天體,還可另外下載更詳細的資料庫。加上望遠鏡控制外掛和時間模擬功能,很多天文社團會用它來規劃觀測行程。不過如果你需要非常專業的數據分析或攝影輔助,可能還需要搭配其他工具。

09我的電腦比較舊,跑得動嗎?

官方列出的基本需求是雙核心處理器、2GB記憶體、支援OpenGL 3.3的顯示卡、1GB硬碟空間。如果你的電腦是近十年的文書機,通常可以順暢執行。但要注意,顯示卡太舊或沒有獨立顯卡,畫面可能會卡頓,尤其是放大到高倍率的時候。

10介面只有英文,看不懂怎麼辦?

軟體目前沒有官方中文介面,這對不熟悉英文的使用者確實是個門檻。不過常用的功能按鈕不多,搜尋、時間軸、設定這些位置記住之後,影響不大。如果你完全無法接受英文介面,可以考慮找看看有沒有社群製作的中文化檔案,但這需要自行搜尋和確認。

11手機上也有類似的觀星App,跟這套有什麼差別?

手機App的優勢是方便攜帶,舉起手機就能對準天空辨識星星。但螢幕小、操作精細度有限,而且很多功能需要付費或連網。Stellarium 在電腦上操作空間大,資料量也較完整,適合在家慢慢研究。手機版有付費的進階版本,但功能與電腦版不盡相同,需要自行比較。

下載與官方連結

前往官方網站 下載 Stellarium (64-bit)

stellarium-0.20.3-win64.exe · 259.25 MB · 連結指向軟體原廠

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

Added
: sorting for Bookmark dialog (GH: #1144)
- B pass band for compute photometric values of nebulae
- missing QPushButton:checked style matching ‘pressed’ (GH: #1150)
- show standard magnitude and RCS info for satellites in the GUI of Satellites plugin
- new filters for satellites
- GUI buttons to define object information font color at daylight and for overwrite mode (GH: #1156)
- 2 new columns for AstroCalc/Positions tool (Elevation and Elongation)
- editable keyboard shortcut for buttons in AstroCalc tools (GH: #1165, #1166)
- allowance to loading bookmark without date/location change (GH: #882)
- new initial time steps in AstroCalc/Phenomena tool (GH: #1162)
- option to use on the screen star designations only (GH: #1169)
- option in the GUI to define color of text in Equation of Time plugin
- new button into Shortcut Editor and added new tool to restoring defaults
- action to restart trails (GH: #1030)
- “current vertical” line (GH: #1175)
- support custom time steps for ephemeris in AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool (GH: #1176)
- ability to show several objects’ ephemerides in AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool (GH: #1177)
- using texture for satellite, when he crossing of the Moon or the Sun
- automatic saving changes of satellites properties in Satellites plugin (GH: #1066)
- instructions for building Stellarium from source code
- new groups of satellites: all new groups of satellites based on their orbital properties
- info about altitude classifications for geocentric orbits in Satellites plugin
- pixel grid for sensors to Ocular plugin (GH: #1198)
- keyboard shortcut for toggle focuser overlay to Oculars plugin
- keyboard shortcuts to toggle sensor crop overlay to Oculars plugin
- keyboard shortcuts to toggle sensor pixel grid to Oculars plugin
- show a binning info for CCD to Oculars GUI Panel
- option into GUI to toggle drawing halo around the Moon (GH: #914)
- keep selection of ephemeris item when coordinate system is changed in AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool (GH: #1199)
- keyboard handling in additional to mouse selection for visualization of selected marker in AstroCalc/Ephemeris tool (GH: #1200)
- new way to select ocular elements to Oculars plugin: You can now switch between various ocular elements through double-click on the items (eyepieces/lenses/telescopes/sensors) in the main menu of the Oculars plugin (GH: #1193)
- small improvement for sensor view mode to Oculars plugin: the cross in the center was modify: it rotating by 45° now and has a permanent size in 10 px (GH: #1206)
- small improvement for sensor view mode to Oculars plugin: the text about the crop size now may be marked by [*] for 2 reasons: the crop size is larger than sensor size or when crop size is not multiple of binning (GH: #1206)
- fix for better handling of comet orbit visualisation
- planet name for nomenclature item as context data: better in search dialog and makes unique strings
- new names for planetary features
- tool to remember last entered objects in Search tool (GH: #1050, #1168)
- enforce updates for Lists in Search tool to get an variable parts of list (GH: #1226)
- star names for Western (O. Hlad) sky culture (GH: #1170)
- key binding for toggle visibility of groups of satellites (GH: #982)
- new categories for AstroCalc/WUT tool (GH: #1230)
- new category for AstroCalc/Positions tool (GH: #1230)
- methods to search DSO when they have coordinates in disabled catalogs (esp. for the Bookmark tool and some AstroCalc tools)
- CLI option to start Stellarium in scaling GUI mode
- new group of objects “Solar system bodies: minor bodies” to predict opposition of asteroids into AstroCalc/Phenomena tool
- note to S&T sky culture (GH: #1244)
- including name of a bookmarked Marker object for highlights (GH: #1260)
- including designation of a bookmarked object without common name for highlights
- support of new type of labels (labelEquatorial) for scripting engine
- 3 new groups of satellites
- tool to disable an inherited options in Oculars plugin
- tool to define value of transparency of the semi-transparent mask in eyepiece mode in Oculars plugin
- buttons to define special colors for satellites in Satellites plugin
- International Designator info into the GUI of Satellites plugin
- epoch of the TLE info into GUI of Satellites plugin
- tooltips for both identifiers of satellites (Satellites plugin)
- full names of groups as tooltips for wrapped names of groups (Satellites plugin)
- a confirmation dialog for “Restore defaults” buttons (GH: #1277)

Fixed:
- nutation and, with it, season beginning times
- behaviour of AstroCalc/WUT tool
- list of locations: remove duplicates of observatories
- possible error in calculating the Contrast Index of nebulae (GH: #1145)
- activity of button to switch in sources tab of Satellites plugin
- small GUI issue when satellite tracking is enabled
- crash for landscapes with added polygon (GH: #1143, #1179)
- drawing satellite orbits
- buttons background in Solar System Editor plugin
- documents for enabling custom HiPS (GH: #1159)
- display date format in main GUI
- automatic setting of size for columns in shortcuts editor
- trails related properties in SolarSystem (GH: #1030)
- spurious recreation of trails (GH: #1030)
- fade out for trails (GH: #1030)
- behaviour of GUI options for planetary orbits and trails
- changes in trails when time stopped (GH: #1174)
- main GUI issue
- AstroCalc GUI issue
- few tooltips
- few translatable lines in the standard GUI
- remember customized object informations settings (GH: #1184)
- translation special groups after change the language in Satellites plugin
- size of buttons in the GUI of the Satellites plugin
- availability of “Remove satellites” button in the GUI of the Satellites plugin
- linguistic issue in the GUI of main application and plugins
- switch to native planet names when skyculture is changed in AstroCalc tools (GH: #1203)
- keyboard jumps for GUI of the Oculars plugin
- saving properties of Special Markers (GH: #1201)
- errors in DSO catalog (SNR G subsystem; GH: #1208)
- calculation an approximate visual magnitude for Starlink DarkSat
- find an initial step for AstroCalc/Phenomena tool (GH: #1219)
- handling of keyboard shortcuts: saving an empty keyboard shortcuts allow to stay primary and alternative shortcuts as they was defined by user (GH: #1222)
- translation of key binding description for “Field of View” feature when language is changed
- saving keyboard shortcuts
- rounding issue (GH: #1153)
- security issue in RemoteControl plugin (GH: #1233)
- load of location from landscape at startup (GH: #1237)
- the Reticulum system object designation (GH: #1250)
- restore scaling for minor bodies in Oculars plugin (GH: #1258)
- GUI behaviour for AstroCalc tool (GH: #1230)
- misprints and typos in Chinese sky cultures (GH: #1266, #1268)
- issue an including regions (or DSO without designations) as bookmarks (GH: #1267)
- parser of COSPAR ID data (International Designator) in Satellites plugin
- apply transit color for satellites in the iconic mode (GH: #1279)
- star magnitude limits in Oculars plugin: better handling of auto-computed or manually set limiting magnitudes (GH: #400, #1285)

Changed:
 default value for flag “displayed” of satellites
- limits of properties for orbital lines of satellites (GH: #1148)
- button labels in Bookmarks tool (GH: #916)
- trails behaviour: don’t reset trails when just adapting thickness (GH: #1030)
- trails behaviour: disable trails for “observer” planets (GH: #1030)
- trails behaviour: handle removal of trails with time moving backwards (GH: #1030)
- trails behaviour: reset trails when time jumps too far (GH: #1030)
- limits for focal length of eyepices and magnification of binoculars (GH: #1178)
- upper limit for angular filter of DSO
- GUI for manage sources of TLE in the Satellites plugin (GH: #738)
- behaviour: re-enabled scrolling to newly added locations
- behaviour: disabled button to toggle crosshairs for eyepieces with permanent crosshairs (GH: #1247)
- upper limit for FOV markers (special + Telrad/Oculars): the limits was increased up to 28 degrees for circular/Telrad FOV and up to 180 degrees for rectangular FOV (GH: #1196)
- the priority level of drawing for Observability Analysis plugin (GH: #1194)
- modeling Starlink magnitudes: calculation of approx. visual magnitude for Starlink satellites based on Anthony Mallama’s paper
- text of warning for mismatch of version of DSO catalog: improved an error message for the user
- behaviour of dialog rendering: disable dialog render cache (GH: #830, #393, #1007)
- behaviour of polygonal landscapes: get rid of a configuration flag (GH: #1239)
- limits for allow separation input field (up to 20 degrees) in AstroCalc/Phenomena tool
- initial time steps for some type of objects in AstroCalc/Phenomena tool
- selection of celestial bodies behaviour for oppositions in AstroCalc/Phenomena tool
- behaviour of Telescope Control plugin: re-enabled the option to autoconnect ASCOM-based mounts (GH: #1269, #1243, #1164)
- behaviour of Oculars plugin: the input box to define the scale factor of arrows was changed to use percentage
- distance between buttons “Restore defaults” and “Save settings” in the GUI of plugins (GH: #1277)

Updated:
- minimum required Qt version to 5.7.0 (GH: #1138)
- Indian Vedic sky culture: Nakshatras and Rashis as stars, asterisms and constellations. (GH: #930)
- URL of main website to use HTTPS (GH: #1139)
- tool to check version of satellites.json file (reducing a number of upgrading the file)
- code for search stars by designations (code refactoring)
- HiPS tool: switched to retrieve of HiPS properties from MocServer
- code: solve a few casting warnings
- code: sanitize type mismatches
- code: removed obsolete QSignalMapper
- GUI of the Satellites plugin
- list of contributors of Oculars plugin
- Milky Way texture: deleted Spica’s glow
- translations (GH: #1210, #1211)
- the technical notes to the Satellites plugin
- translations of landscapes description
- translations of sky cultures description
- 3D scenery: increase brightness of Sterngarten model materials
- default list of satellites
- three DSO textures (GH: #1271)
- GUI for updating data for Meteor showers plugin
- GUI for updating data for Historical supernovae plugin
- GUI for updating data for Bright novae plugin
- GUI for updating data for Pulsars plugin
- GUI for updating data for Quasars plugin
- GUI for updating data for Satellites plugin
- GUI for updating data for Exoplanets plugin

Removed:
- the observers from calculations in AstroCalc/Phenomena tool
- limits for declination of objects in AstroCalc/Phenomena tool (GH: #1162)
- sort rules from AstroCalc/WUT tool (GH: #1229)
- unused pixel size in Oculars plugin (GH: #432)
- unused data and code (code refactoring)
- orbit_visualisation_period parameter for comets in Solar System Editor plugin
- “Save changes” button from the GUI of the Satellites plugin
- the step “remove data from previous installation” from Windows installer
- outdated documents
- outdated code