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寫程式覺得編輯器卡卡?Sublime Text 輕量在哪裡

Sublime Text (32-bit) 軟體圖示 Sublime Text (32-bit) 2.0 (32-bit) 資料更新 2012-06-26 閱讀約 6 分鐘

寫程式寫到一半,游標開始延遲,切換檔案要等好幾秒,記憶體被編輯器吃掉一大半——這種時候你只是想改個設定、修個 bug,卻被工具本身拖住。你需要的不是另一個功能塞滿的怪獸,而是一個打開就能馬上動手的編輯器,讓心思留在程式碼上,而不是等介面反應。

一般人遇到這種狀況,第一個念頭是換成功能最齊全的編輯器,但功能多往往代表資源吃重、啟動慢。另一條路是回頭用陽春的記事本,卻又少了語法標色、自動補完這些基本需求。這類輕量編輯器的切入點,是在兩者之間找平衡:保留開發者需要的編輯功能,同時把效能和反應速度放在第一位。

01Sublime Text 到底是什麼?跟一般記事本差在哪?

它是一個專門給開發者、程式設計師和文字工作者用的文字編輯器,特色是輕量、反應快。跟記事本最大的差別在於,它提供語法標色、自動補完、多重選取、命令面板這些編輯功能,但不會像大型 IDE 那樣吃記憶體。官方強調它啟動快、操作流暢,介面簡潔,可以依需求裝外掛擴充。

02它有哪些功能是寫程式時真的用得到的?

官方列出的核心功能包括:多重選取,可以同時編輯多行;命令面板,用鍵盤快速執行常用指令;分割編輯,把多個檔案並排顯示;Goto Anything,快速跳到指定檔案、函式或行數;語法標色和自動補完;無干擾模式,隱藏多餘介面專心寫碼。這些功能都是為了減少滑鼠操作、加快編輯速度而設計的。

03多重選取是什麼意思?實際怎麼用?

就是按住 Ctrl 同時點選多個位置,然後一次輸入,所有選取的地方會同時被修改。例如你要把十個變數名稱改成另一個名字,不用一個一個改,選取後直接打字,全部同步更新。官方說明指出,這是讓大量批次修改變得更快更省事的功能。

04Goto Anything 可以拿來做什麼?

按 Ctrl + P 開啟後,輸入檔名、函式名稱或行號,就能立刻跳到對應位置。不用在檔案總管裡慢慢找,也不用自己滾動捲軸搜尋。官方描述是「快速定位檔案、函式或行數」,對專案檔案很多、常常要跳來跳去的人來說,省下來的時間很可觀。

05外掛要怎麼裝?裝了能做什麼?

先安裝 Package Control,方法是開啟 View > Show Console,貼上安裝指令,之後按 Ctrl + Shift + P 輸入 Install Package 就能搜尋外掛。官方提到,透過外掛可以加入 Git 整合、版本控制、程式碼提示增強等功能。例如 GitGutter 會在行號旁顯示 Git 變更狀態,SublimeCodeIntel 可以增強自動補完。

06介面可以改嗎?還是只能用預設樣子?

可以改。官方說明提到,主題、字型、語法配色都可以自訂,側邊欄也可以移到右邊。設定方式是編輯 Preferences > Key Bindings 和相關設定檔,調整快捷鍵和介面行為。如果你對預設配色不滿意,或習慣某個 IDE 的配色,可以換成自己順眼的主題。

07這套軟體適合寫哪些語言的人?

官方說明指出它支援多種程式語言,而且持續擴充語法支援,近期加入了 Zsh 和 TOML,同時改善了 SQL、Bash、Diff、ActionScript、Graphviz 等語法的標色。基本上常見的程式語言都有語法標色,加上外掛可以再擴充。適合需要跨多種語言、不想為每種語言裝不同編輯器的人。

08電腦效能不好的人適合用嗎?

官方列出的系統需求是 1 GHz 處理器、2 GB 記憶體(建議 4 GB)、50 MB 磁碟空間,以現代標準來看門檻很低。官方也強調它效能快、系統資源使用低。如果你的電腦跑大型 IDE 會喘,這類輕量編輯器是可行的替代方案,但實際順暢度還是要自己裝來試才知道。

09不想花錢的話,這套軟體能用嗎?

可以免費使用,官方說明是「無限期評估期」,但會定期跳出購買授權的提醒。授權費是一次性的,官方定價是 99 美元。如果你不介意偶爾看到購買提醒,可以一直免費使用;如果覺得提醒很煩,就要考慮付費,或改用其他完全免費的編輯器。

10需要內建 Git 和終端機的人,適合用這套嗎?

不適合。官方在缺點欄位明確寫了「沒有內建 Git 支援」和「沒有整合終端機」。Git 功能要靠外掛補上,終端機則是完全沒有。如果你習慣在編輯器裡直接跑指令、看 Git 狀態,這套軟體會讓你一直切換到外部視窗,不如直接用內建這些功能的編輯器。

11看不懂英文介面的人,用這套會很吃力嗎?

會。官方列出的介面語系只有 English,沒有中文介面。雖然操作邏輯不複雜,但選單、設定、外掛名稱都是英文,對不習慣英文介面的人來說,學習成本會比較高。如果你需要中文介面,可能要考慮其他有在地化的編輯器,或花時間熟悉英文操作。

12這套跟 Atom、Brackets 比起來,有什麼要注意的?

這幾套都是文字編輯器,但定位不同。Atom 和 Brackets 在資料庫中的評分人數分別是 170 人和 189 人,Sublime Text 是 270 人,樣本都不算多。Sublime Text 的授權是 Demo,免費但會跳出購買提醒;Atom 和 Brackets 則是開源免費。如果你在意完全免費、不想看到授權提醒,後兩者可能更合適。

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

- OSX: Added Retina display support
- Added "Quick Skip Next", on Command+K,Command+D / Ctrl+K,Ctrl+D
- Added text drag and drop
- Reloading a file maintains the selection
- OSX: Find uses the system find pasteboard
- OSX: Added support for the ODB Editor Suite
- Theme: Added support for the highlight_modified_tabs setting
- Added setting show_full_path, to control if the full path is shown in the window title
- Added setting bold_folder_labels
- OSX: Bundle is signed in preparation for Mountain Lion
- OSX: Added scroll bar support for the "Jump to the spot that's clicked" system preference
- OSX: Added create_window_at_startup setting
- OSX: Folders accessed via symlinks are monitored for changes
- OSX: Fixed Lion press-and-hold inserting two characters
- Windows: Installer is signed
- Windows: Directory scanning makes use of inodes where available
- Windows: Files are opened with the FILE_SHARE_DELETE share mode
- Windows: Fixed a regression in command line handling with network paths
- Windows and Linux: Tweaked command line handling when Sublime Text isn't already running
- Linux: Tweaked handling of the Primary selection
- Linux: GTK is loaded at runtime, removing any dependency on specific libpng versions
- Linux: Fixed occasional jittering with the auto complete window
- Linux: Fixed a directory watching issue
- Linux: Sub-folders within the syntax menu on the status bar work as expected
- Linux: Show Completions has changed from ctrl+space to alt+/, to not interfere with IMEs
- Reworked CSS completions
- Improved Toggle Comment for HTML and CSS
- Added Open in Browser context menu for HTML files
- Saving a file now calls fsync to ensure the data is written to disk
- Added support for file_include_patterns and folder_include_patterns in projects
- Find in Files can exclude directories using "-some_path/" syntax
- Added BOM variants to the Save with Encoding menu
- Added setting preview_on_click
- Improved Indentation Detection
- ASCII control codes are rendered in a different style
- Auto complete and tool tips say within the screen boundaries
- Double clicking in the tab header area will create a new tab
- Delete Folder will prompt before moving the folder to the trash
- Double clicking on whitespace will select only whitespace
- Theme: Added 'expandable' attribute to tree_rows, enabling folders to be styled differently
- Theme: Tweaked quick panel to better indicate the selected item
- Disabling find result highlighting will also disable find-as-you-type in the Find panel
- Pressing escape in the incremental find panel will set the selection to the search start point
- Extended behavior of home and end keys on word wrapped lines
- Changes in file name case are detected in the side bar
- Fixed save_on_focus_lost causing Goto Anything to not show if the current file has unsaved changes
- Fixed folders not being added to the recent folders list
- Fixed rendering of active indent guides
- Fixed pasting file:line expressions into the Goto Anything panel
- Invalid key names in keymap files will are logged to the console
- Build Systems: Added variants
- Build Systems: Improved debug output of the exec command when the target isn't found
- Build Systems: Added show_panel_on_build setting
- Build Systems: Build times are reported
- Build Systems: Exit code is reported, if it's non-zero
- Build Systems: Improved output panel height serialization
- Build Systems: Canceling a build will terminate rather than kill the process
- Vintage: Added backspace motion (thanks mrannanj)
- Vintage: Improved quote text object (thanks Guillermo)
- Vintage: Added Ctrl+U and Ctrl+D (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: 'vintage_use_clipboard' forces pasting from system clipboard too (thanks Guillermo)
- Vintage: Fixed motions with "0" in them for actions (thanks bengolds)
- Vintage: Visual mode I and A (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Added vintage_use_clipboard setting to yank to the system clipboard (thanks Guillermo)
- Vintage: Tweaked behavior of cw and cW when the caret is in whitespace (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Added bindings for moving the group focus up, down, left, right (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Paste accepts a repeat count (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Added bindings for u and U in visual mode, to change the case of the selection and exit visual mode (thanks quarnster)
- Vintage: Macro replay accepts a repeat count (thanks zbuc)
- Vintage: r<char> processes lines individually (thanks Guillermo)
- Vintage: Tweaked % behavior (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Fix bug that caused deletes to erroneously left_delete (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Fix EOF behavior with linewise changes (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Ignoring a and i when in visual mode (thanks Guillermo)
- Vintage: cc and S take counts (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Correctly shrink selections when reversed (thanks misfo)
- Vintage: Added vap (thanks behrends)
- API: Added sublime.message_dialog()
- API: Added sublime.ok_cancel_dialog()
- API: Added Command.is_checked() to support checkbox menu items
- API: Added sublime.log_result_regex()