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Sublime Text 輕量編輯器能取代哪些開發工具

Sublime Text (64-bit) 軟體圖示 Sublime Text (64-bit) 3170 (64-bit) 資料更新 2018-05-08 閱讀約 6 分鐘

寫程式寫到一半,切換檔案、搜尋函式都要等個幾秒,游標轉圈圈轉到心煩。你只是想改個設定、寫個小工具,卻得打開整套笨重的整合開發環境,記憶體吃滿、介面複雜,光是等它載入就耗掉好幾分鐘。這種時候你需要的不是更多功能,而是一個打開就能立刻開始打字的編輯器。

很多人習慣用記事本加減寫,但沒有語法標色、沒有自動補齊,寫錯字要等到執行才發現。另一邊的整合開發環境又太重,啟動慢、佔資源,對只想快速改個檔案的人來說負擔太大。這類工具的切入點是:保持輕量、啟動快,同時把開發者常用的編輯功能做扎實,讓你在「不想開 IDE」和「記事本不夠用」之間有個中間選項。

01Sublime Text 跟記事本差在哪?

記事本只能純文字編輯,Sublime Text 多了語法標色、自動補齊、多選編輯、命令面板和 Goto Anything 搜尋。寫程式時語法會上色,打錯關鍵字一眼就能看出來;按 Ctrl+P 可以直接輸入檔名跳到指定檔案,不用一層層開資料夾。這些功能記事本都沒有,但 Sublime Text 開啟速度和記事本一樣快。

02它能不能一次改多行?

可以,這是它的核心功能之一。按住 Ctrl 再用滑鼠點不同位置,就能同時在多個地方打字;也可以用 Ctrl+D 選取相同字詞,一次改掉所有重複的內容。改大量重複的程式碼或文字時很省時間,不用一行一行手動改。

03要怎麼快速跳到某個函式或某一行?

按 Ctrl+P 開啟 Goto Anything,輸入檔名可以跳檔案;在檔案內按 Ctrl+R 可以列出所有函式名稱,輸入關鍵字直接跳過去。要跳特定行號,按 Ctrl+G 輸入數字就行。搜尋是即時的,不用按 Enter,邊打字邊跳。

04外掛要怎麼裝?

先按 Ctrl+Shift+P 開啟命令面板,輸入 Install Package Control 安裝套件管理器。裝好之後再按一次 Ctrl+Shift+P,輸入 Install Package,就能搜尋並安裝外掛。外掛種類很多,Git 整合、程式碼檢查、主題配色都有,但每個外掛的品質和維護狀況不一,裝之前可以看一下下載量和最近更新時間。

05它跟 VS Code 比起來如何?

官方資料列了 VS Code 作為替代方案,說它免費、內建 Git 支援、擴充套件市場龐大。Sublime Text 的優勢是更輕量、啟動更快、資源佔用更低,但 Git 整合和終端機都要靠外掛補齊,沒有內建。如果你很依賴內建 Git 操作和整合終端機,VS Code 開箱即用;如果你追求速度和低資源佔用,Sublime Text 比較接近這個需求。

06寫 Python 或 JavaScript 適合嗎?

適合。它支援多種程式語言的語法標色和自動補齊,Python、JavaScript 都有內建支援。官方資料提到可以透過外掛如 SublimeCodeIntel 增強自動補齊功能。不過它沒有內建的直譯器或除錯器,寫完要自己到終端機執行,這點跟整合開發環境不同。

07電腦很舊跑得動嗎?

官方系統需求是 1 GHz 處理器、2 GB 記憶體、50 MB 磁碟空間,建議 4 GB 記憶體跑大型專案。以這個規格來看,多數舊電腦都跑得動。它本身設計就是輕量、低資源佔用,啟動速度快,比開整套整合開發環境省資源得多。

08免費版跟付費版差在哪?

官方說明是免費版可以無限期待評估使用,但會不定期跳出購買授權的提示。付費是一次性買斷,美金 99 元,買了之後不會再跳提示。功能上沒有差別,免費版就能用全部功能,只是會一直被提醒要付費。如果你不介意那個提示,可以一直免費使用。

09介面只有英文,會不會很難上手?

官方介面語系只有英文,沒有內建中文介面。但操作邏輯不複雜,主要功能都集中在命令面板和快捷鍵,英文選單不難猜。如果你完全看不懂英文,可以找中文教學文章或影片,但介面本身還是英文,這點要先有心理準備。

10它有沒有內建 Git 功能?

沒有內建,需要安裝外掛。官方資料提到 GitGutter、Sublime Merge、Sublime Git 這些外掛可以整合版本控制,GitGutter 會在行號旁顯示哪些行有新增、修改或刪除。如果你需要 Git 功能,裝外掛就能用,但不像 VS Code 那樣開箱就有。

11長期沒更新,還值得用嗎?

官方收錄的版本紀錄顯示近 12 個月更新 1 次、近 24 個月 4 次,更新頻率不算高,但還是有在維護。最後一次更新有加入側邊欄位置調整、Python 3.8 外掛相容性、Zsh 和 TOML 語法支援。如果你在意的是穩定性和既有功能,它還是可以用的;如果你追求新功能出很快,它的更新節奏可能不符合期待。

12寫 Markdown 或一般筆記適合嗎?

官方資料提到它也適合「writers」使用,有免干擾模式可以隱藏多餘介面專心打字。但 Markdown 的即時預覽、表格編輯這些功能,官方資料沒有提到,需要自行確認外掛能不能補上。如果你只是要一個乾淨的編輯器寫純文字或 Markdown 原始碼,它夠用;如果你需要所見即所得的編輯體驗,可能要考慮專門的 Markdown 編輯器。

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這一版改了什麼

What's new in this version:

Themes/UI:
- Windows: Added support for Windows 10 (and 8.1) per-monitor DPI scaling
- Improved overall High DPI support
- Added support for 8k monitors and 300% DPI scale
- Themes can now provide @3x versions of images for very high DPI monitors
- Improved indent guide positions when using line padding
- Rulers are drawn with stippled lines
- Linux/Windows: Improved High DPI minimap rendering
- Mac: Fixed occasional yellow or black windows when using a theme with a colored title bar
- Mac: Double-clicking a themed title bar now performs the default system action
- Mac: Fixed sizing of some dialog windows when a theme uses a themed title bar
- Mac: Fixed gutter icons sometimes not drawing

Text Rendering:
- Added ligature support for symbols
- Added font_options for controlling ligatures and stylistic sets
- Improved rendering and selection of emojis
- Tab width is now properly measured for proportional fonts
- Windows: DirectWrite is now used by default for all fonts
- Windows: Support gray_antialias in conjunction with DirectWrite
- Windows: improved DirectWrite anti-aliasing, adding support for system ClearType tuning

Goto Definition:
- Added Goto References when hovering over a symbol
- Added goto_reference command to the Goto menu

Color Schemes:
- Added new color scheme format, .sublime-color-scheme
- Add Hashed Syntax Highlighting
- Added the Celeste color scheme to showcase hashed syntax highlighting
- Selections now render by default with true rounded corners
- Added color scheme settings for selection border width, corner style and radius
- Selection background and border now support alpha channels
- Improved color scheme reloading
- Added Convert Color Scheme command
- Added support for the invisibles key in color schemes
- selection_foreground can now be specified on a per-scope basis
- Color Schemes can specify bold and italic in the brackets_options key
- Improved handling of invalid.deprecated scopes in default color schemes

Syntax Highlighting:
- Add embed action to .sublime-syntax files for improved syntax nesting
- Added Git Formats package for Git config files and use as core.editor, with thanks to Ryan Boehning and deathaxe

Many syntax highlighting improvements, including significant improvements to:
- JavaScript, with thanks to Thomas Smith
- ShellScript, with thanks to Raoul Wols
- Makefiles, with thanks to Raoul Wols
- Java, with thanks to lastsecondsave
- C#, with thanks to keith-hall
- Markdown, with thanks to keith-hall
- Python, with thanks to FichteFoll
- Added stand alone syntax test runner for Linux, allowing for CI testing
- Various syntax definition errors now include the file name in the message

Command Palette:
- New Command Palette implementation that can accept text input from users
- Fuzzy matching can match terms out of order by space separating them
- Added new commands Arithmetic, Rename File and View Package File to showcase new features
- Keyboard shortcut hints are no longer cut off at 15 characters

Build Systems:
- Improve cancellation handling
- Use /usr/bin/env to locate bash
- Fix multi-byte encodings sometimes triggering decoding errors
- Improved exec build target handling of killing child processes

Files and Folders:
- Improved handling of symlinks in the sidebar, including additions and removals
- Symlinks no longer have an expand arrow in the sidebar, but have a Reveal Link Source context menu entry
- Add support for binary_file_patterns, index_exclude_patterns and index_include_patterns to .sublime-project files
- index_exclude_patterns and index_include_patterns can now match full paths instead of just filename
- Linux/Windows: File system notifications now account for symlinks (and Windows junctions)
- Linux: file system notification now only requires a single inotify instance
- Linux: Improved behavior when fs.inotify.max_user_watches is too low
- Mac: Reduced the number of file stats operations
- Mac: Added support for case-sensitive file systems

Input:
- Fixed popup and auto complete windows not showing when the caret is at the leftmost position of a widget
- Fix left arrow not working in the side bar
- Fixed not being able to grab the scrollbar by clicking on the rightmost pixels of the window
- Fix double clicking on the selection not setting input focus when drag_drop is enabled
- Linux: Context menus no longer cause the editor control to be focused when closed
- Windows: Fix pen input

Performance:
- Significantly reduced memory usage related to syntax definitions - using up to 30% less total program memory
- Improve idle CPU usage
- Fix a bug where theme animations may continue even after a layer has been hidden, causing excessive CPU usage
- Mac: Solved increased CPU usage on Macs when a GPU switch occurs while using a theme with a colored title bar

API:
- Added TextInputHandler and ListInputHandler to interact with new Command Palette functionality
- Added View.style() and View.style_for_scope()
- Added automatically generated scope names for use with the regions API: region.redish, region.orangish, region.yellowish, region.greenish, region.bluish, region.purplish and region.pinkish
- Improve View.find() and View.find_all() performance when doing literal matches
- Expanded ViewEventListener API
- Fix EventListener.on_activated_async() not being called for views when the editor starts
- Add ViewEventListener.on_activated() and ViewEventListener.on_activated_async() to be called for views when the editor starts
- Improve tracebacks for Python in .sublime-package files
- shell_environment is now ensured to be loaded before plugin_loaded() is called on plugins
- Plugin commands are now created before plugin_loaded() is run
- Loaded plugins are now stored in __plugins__ rather than plugins
- The Python ssl module will now negotiate TLS 1.2, 1.1 or 1.0 with the PROTOCOL_TLSv1 constant
- Updated Python environment with SQLite 3.22.0, and OpenSSL 1.0.2n

Miscellaneous:
- Fixed being unable to load dictionary files larger than 16mb
- Fixed an issue where out of memory conditions would trigger a buffer overflow instead of a clean crash
- Word wrap is turned on by default for the console
- Added Regex Replace Widget.sublime-settings and Console Input Widget.sublime-settings
- Fixed a number of bugs that would cause crashes